Chapter 2 Freedom

Textbook Questions Solved

Question 1.
What is meant by freedom? Is there a relationship between freedom for the individual and freedom for the nation?
Answer:
Freedom refers to do all those things which do not harm to others and, are essential for a person’s own development. There is a close relationship between the freedom for individual and for the nation because:

Question 2.
What is the difference between the negative and positive conception of liberty?
Answer:
Negative conception of liberty:

(a) Liberty is concerned with the area control, not with its source, hence, this is not necessary to have democracy to enjoy freedom.

(b) The state should control the liberty of an individual only up to the limit where he interferes in other’s such liberty. Positive conception of liberty:

Question 3.
What is meant by social constraints? Are constraints of any kind necessary for enjoying freedom?
Answer:
Social constraints refer to the restrictions imposed by the society whosoever is unauthorized for the same.
Necessity of constraints:

Question 4.
What is the role of the state in upholding freedom of its citizens?
Answer:

Question 5.
What is meant by freedom of expression? What in your view would be a reasonable restriction on this freedom? Give examples.
Answer:

Reasonable restrictions:

Extra Questions Solved

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about Nelson Mandela?
Answer:
Nelson Mandela has been recognized as the greatest leader of South Africa who always fought against racial discrimination.

Question 2.
Name the autobiography of Nelson Mandela.
Answer:
Long Walk of Freedom.

Question 3.
What is the theme of ‘Long Walk of Freedom’?
Answer:

Question 4.
What do you mean by Apartheid?
Answer:
Apartheid is a policy of racial discrimination between the Blacks and the Whites, which was largely practicised after Second World War.

Question 5.
What is freedom?
Answer:
Freedom refers to an individual who is allowed to do all those things which do not harm anyone but, essential for one’s own development.

Question 6.
Mention the two aspects of freedom.
Answer:
Positive and negative freedom.

Question 7.
What is personal liberty?
Answer:
Personal liberty refers to have freedom in personal and individual matters by human beings as marriages, religion, food, clothing, etc.

Question 8.
What is economic liberty?
Answer:
Economic liberty refers to ensure employment to the citizens and to make them free from tyranny of employers also along with the provisions of minimum wages also.

Question 9.
What is political liberty?
Answer:

Question 10.
What is religious liberty?
Answer:
The citizens enjoy the right to adopt and preach any religion without interference of state until it is in the interest of nation and individuals.

Question 11.
What is natural liberty?
Answer:
Natural liberty refers to a man to be born free. With the advancement of civilisation, men formed the state or society himself and sacrificed his freedom. In his free state or natural liberty man was very happy and satisfied. But state binds him everywhere on chain.

Question 12.
What is a legal liberty?
Answer:
Legal liberty or freedom refers to framing of one’s own constitution by any country to run their administrative system as per their own will.

Question 13.
What is freedom of speech and expression?
Answer:
Freedom of speech and expression gives the right to express one’s own ideas by speaking or writing. But the freedom is subject to the following limitations:

Question 14.
How can we argue in favour of positive freedom?
Answer:

Question 15.
What is the value of freedom for human progress?
Answer:
Every individual is free to act to the extent that one’s activities do not curtail the freedom of others. Some restraints are put on freedom to limit one’s activities to avoid any type of harm to anybody or state or society, whichever is considered essential.

Question 16.
What are the two aspects of positive liberty?
Answer:

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
“Liberty and equality may be complementary as well as opposed to each other”. Justify.
Answer:
Complementary:

Opposed:

Question 2.
What does the negative liberty stand for?
Answer:

But, it has following drawbacks:

Question 3.
“Liberty implies proper restraints rather than absence of restraints”. Justify the statement.
Answer:

Question 4.
What are the necessary safeguards for the maintenance of liberty?
Answer:

Passage-Based Questions

Passage 1.
Read the passage (NCERT Textbook, page 28) given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:

At various times there have been demands to ban books, plays, films, or academic articles in research journals. Let us think about this demand to ban books in the light of our discussion so far which sees freedom as ‘the making of choices’, where a distinction is made between ‘negative and positive liberty’, where we recognise the need for ‘justifiable constraints’ but these have to be supported by proper procedures and important moral arguments. Freedom of expression is a fundamental value and for that society must be willing to bear some inconvenience to protect it from people who want to restrict it. Remember Voltaire’s statement — ‘I disapprove of what you say but I will defend to death your right to say it’. How deeply are we committed to this freedom of expression?

Questions:
1. What are the two aspects of liberty?
2. What is a fundamental value among rights?
3. How can we support justifiable constraints?
Answers:
1. Positive and Negative are the two aspects of liberty.

2. Freedom of speech and expression.

3. By proper procedures and important moral arguments

Passage 2.
Read the passage (NCERT Textbook, page 27) given below carefully and answer the questions that follow:

The individual to develop his or her capability must get the benefit of enabling positive conditions in material, political and social domains. That is, the person must not be constrained by poverty or unemployment; they must have adequate material resources to pursue their wants and needs. They must also have the opportunity to participate in the decision making process so that the laws made reflect their choices, or at least take those preferences into account. Above all, to develop their mind and intellect, individuals must have access to education and other associated opportunities necessary to lead a reasonably good life.

Questions:
1. What is a must for an individual’s development?
2. On what terms, individuals must not be constrained?
3. How can the laws reflect the citizen’s choices?
Answers:
1. Positive conditions must be enabled to each and every individual in political, material and social domains.

2. By poverty and unemployment, hence everybody must have adequate material resources to pursue their requirements.

3. The citizens must have the opportunity to participate in decision making process.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the relationship between liberty and authority? Explain.
Answer:

Question 2.
Mention the elements of liberty.
Answer:

Question 3.
Explain different kinds of liberty.
Answer:

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