Chapter 5 Land Resources and Agriculture

Chapter 5 Land Resources and Agriculture

Textbook Questions Solved

1. Choose the right answers of the followings from the given options:

Question 1.(i)
Which one of the following is NOT a land-use category?
(a) Fallow land
(b) Marginal land
(c) Net Area Sown
(d) Culturable Wasteland
Answer:
(b) Marginal land

Question 1.(ii)
What one of the following is the main reason due to which share of forest has shown an increase in the last forty years?
(a) Extensive and efficient efforts of afforestation
(b) Increase in community forest land
(c) Increase in notified area allocated for forest growth
(d) Better peoples’ participation in managing forest area.
Answer:
(c) Increase in notified area allocated for forest growth

Question 1.(iii)
Which one of the following is the main form of degradation in irrigated areas?
(a) Gully erosion
(b) Wind erosion
(c) Salinisation of soils
(d) Siltation of land
Answer:
(c) Salinisation of soils

Question 1.(iv)
Which one of the following crops is not cultivated under diyland farming?
(a) Ragi
(b) Jowar
(c) Groundnut
(d) Sugarcane
Answer:
(d) Sugarcane

Question 1.(v)
In which of the following group of countries of the world, HYVs of wheat and rice were developed?
(a) Japan and Australia
(b) U.S.A. and Japan
(c) Mexico and Philippines
(d) Mexico and Singapore
Answer:
(c) Mexico and Philippines

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:

Question 2.(i)
Differentiate between barren and wasteland and culturable wasteland.
Answer:

Barren and Wasteland

Culturable Wasteland

(a)Barren and wasteland refers to that land which cannot be brought under cultivation practises even with the use of present technology.

(a) Culturable wasteland is the land, which is left fallow for more than 5 years

(b) It is the land which is depleted due to land degradation or other natural factors. Eg. Ravines of chambal.

(b) It can be brought under cultivation with present reclamation technologies.

Question 2.(ii)
Tow would you distinguish between net sown area and gross cropped area?
Answer:

Net Sown Area

Gross Cropped Area

(a)    The physical extent of land in which crops are sown and harvested in a year is known as the net sown area. This is the area actually cultivated.

(a) The total area cultivated once, twice, or multiple times in a year is the gross cropped area

(b) Does not take into account multiple cropping.

(b) Multiple cropping is taken into account.

Question 2.(iii)
What is the difference between dryland and wetland farming?
Answer:

Dryland Farming

Wetland Farming

(a) In India it is confined to areas with rainfall of less than 75 cm in a year. Rainfall is less than the total moisture requirement of the soil.

(a) Rainfall is more than the total moisture requirement of the soil during rainy season.

(b) These areas face problems of drought

(b) Problems of flash flood and soil erosion are faced.

(c) Methods of water conservation are used also water harvesting is carried out.

(c) Aquaculture is practiced in these areas due to excess of water.

(d) Hardy and drought resistant crops like Jowar, Bajra, Gram are grown.

(d) Water intensive crops like rice, sugarcane and jute are grown.

(e) Practised in areas like Northern Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.

(e) Practised in rainier parts of Bihar and West Bengal.

Question 2.(iv)
Why is the strategy of increasing cropping intensity important in a country like India?
Answer:
The strategy of increasing crop intensity aims at increasing the productivity of a piece of land by increasing the number of times it is cultivated in a year. It aims at increasing the productivity of agriculture by increasing the productivity of already cultivated area. It is important for country like India where there is dearth of land so it is difficult to bring new pieces of land under cultivation to meet the ever-increasing demand of rising population.

Question 2.(v)
How do you measure total cultivable land?
Answer:
Total cultivable land is the entire land which can be cultivated either in the current state or after reclaiming it through the available technologies. It is a sum of total culturable wasteland, Fallow other than current fallow, current fallow and net sown area.

3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words:

Question 3.(i)
What are the different types of environmental problems of land resources in India?
Answer:
Land resources in India are faced with multiple issues that lead to decline in their productivity. The causes are both environmental and related to malpractices. The main environmental issues confronting Indian resources are:

Dependence on Erratic Monsoon: Irrigation covers only about 33 per cent of the cultivated area in India. The crop production in rest of the cultivated land directly depends on rainfall. Poor monsoon adversely affects the supply of canal water for irrigation. Rainfall in drought prone areas is too meager and highly unreliable. Even the areas receiving high annual rainfall experience considerable fluctuations. This makes them vulnerable to both droughts and floods. Droughts and floods continue to be twin menace in India.

Low productivity: The yield of the crops in the country is low in comparison to the international level. Indian agriculture is also very low in comparison to international level. The vast rainfed areas of the country, particularly drylands, which mostly grow coarse cereals, pulses and oilseeds, have very low yields.

Degradation of Cultivable Land: One of the serious problems that arises out of faulty strategy of irrigation and agricultural development is degradation of land resources. It leads to depletion of soil fertility. In irrigated areas a large tract of agricultural land lost its fertility due to alkalisation and salinisation of soils and waterlogging. Excessive use of chemicals such as insecticides and pesticides has led to their concentration in toxic amounts in the soil profile. Leguminous crops have been displaced from the cropping pattern in the irrigated areas and duration of fallow has substantially reduced owing to multiple cropping. This has obliterated the process of natural fertilization such as nitrogen fixation. Rainfed areas also experience degradation of several types like soil erosion by water and wind erosion which are often induced by human activities.

Question 3.(ii)
What are the important strategies for agricultural development followed in the post-independence period in India?
Answer:
Indian agricultural economy was largely subsistence in nature before Independence. During partition about one-third of the irrigated land in undivided India went to Pakistan. After Independence, the immediate goal of the Government was to increase foodgrains production by

Later, Intensive Agricultural District Programme (IADP) and Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP) were launched. But two consecutive droughts during mid-1960s resulted in food crisis in the country.

New seed varieties of wheat (Mexico) and rice (Philippines) known as high yielding varieties (HYVs) were available for cultivation by mid-1960s. India took advantage of this and introduced package technology comprising HYVs, along with chemical fertilizers in irrigated areas of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh hnd Gujarat leading fast agricultural growth. This spurt of agricultural growth came to be known as ‘Green Revolution’. This also gave fillip to the development of a large number of agro-inputs, agro-processing industries and small-scale industries. This strategy of agricultural development made the country self-reliant in food grain production.

The Planning Commission of India focused its attention on the problems of agriculture in rained areas in 1980s. It initiated agro-climatic planning in 1988 to induce regionally balanced agricultural development in the country. It also emphasized ‘ the need for diversification of agriculture and harnessing of resources for development of dairy farming, poultry, horticulture, live- tock rearing and aquaculture.

Extra Questions

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define land-use.
Answer:
The different uses to which land is put to use. Different types of land are used for different purposes. Human beings thus, use land as a resource for production as well as residence and recreation.

Question 2.
What factors influence land-use to a large extent?
Answer:
Land-use in a region, to a large extent, is influenced by the nature of economic activities carried out in that region.

Question 3.
Define Common Property Resources (CPR).
Answer:
CPR’s can be defined as community’s natural resource, where every member has the right of access and usage with some obligations, without anybody having the rights to property over them.

Question 4.
How is cropping intensity calculated?
Answer:
Cropping intensity is the number of times of a crop is planted per year in a given agricultural area. It is the ratio of effective crop area harvested to the physical area.

Question 5.
Which is the 2nd most important cereal crop in India?
Answer:
Wheat is the 2nd most important cereal crop in India.

Question 6.
Where is bajra grown in India?
Answer:
Bajra is grown in Maharashtra, Gujarat, UP, Rajasthan and Haryana.

Question 7.
What are the main fibre crops of India? How are they used?
Answer:
Cotton and jute are fibre crops of India. They provide fibre for making cloth, bags, sacks and other items of daily necessities and fashion.

Question 8.
What is India’s rank in sugarcane production of the world?
Answer:.
India ranks second after Brazil in sugarcane production of world as per 2011.

Question 9.
Name the beverage crops of India.
Answer:
Tea and coffee are two main beverage crops of India.

Question 10.
Cotton is grown in which season? Name another crop of this season.
Answer:
Cotton is tropical crop grown in kharif season in semi arid areas of the country. Rice is another kharif crop.

Question 11.
Name the coarse cereals.
Answer:
Jowar, Bajra, maize and ragi are course cereals.

Question 12.
What is India’s rank in cotton production?
Answer:
India ranks 4th in cotton production after China, USA and Pakistan.

Question 13.
What percentage of cropped area in India is under rice & wheat cultivation?
Answer:
25% of the total cropped area is under rice, and 14% of the total cropped area is under wheat cultivation in India.

Question 14.
What is India’s rank in rice production in the world?
Answer:
India ranks second in rice production in the world after China.

Question 15.
What are the functions of Land Revenue Department?
Answer:
Land-use records are maintained by Land Revenue Department. The land- use categories add up to reporting area, which is somewhat different from the geographical area.

Question 16.
What are the functions of the Survey of India?
Answer:
The Survey of India is responsible for measuring geographical area of administrative units in India.

Question 17.
Explain two reasons for the increase pressure on agricultural land in developing country like India.
Answer:
Two reasons for the increase pressure on agricultural land in developing country are:
In developing countries, share of population development on agriculture declines more slowly compared to decline in sector’s share in GDP. The number of people that agricultural sector has to feed is increasing day by day.

Question 18.
Why is it important for India to develop land saving technology?
Answer:
In India land area is extremely less in comparison to its population. Therefore, India needs to develop land saving technology.

Question 19.
Why are various crop seasons not found in south India?
Answer:
Since weather does not change much in south India therefore the climate is suitable for the same types of crops throughout the year. Therefore,
there are not various crop seasons in south India.

Question 20.
Explain why does the southern parts of India grow the same crops thrice a year?
Answer:
In southern India the temperature remains high throughout the year. It is suitable for growing tropical crops throughout the year. Thus, in this region the tropical varieties of crop are grown thrice in a year.

Question 21.
What are fibre crops?
Answer:
The crops which provide us fiber for preparing cloth, bags, sacks and a number of other items. Cotton and jute are two main fiber crops grown in India.

Question 22.
What are beverage crops?
Answer:
Those crops which are used as beverage after processing are called beverage crops. Example; Tea and coffee.

Question 23.
Name the programmes initiated in the end of 1960 for development of agriculture.
Answer:
Green revolution or package technology was initiated in the end of 1960s for development of agriculture.

Question 24.
What do you mean by low productivity?
Answer:
Low productivity means output per unit of labour employed or per unit of land use is low.

Question 25.
Name the two HYV seeds imported in 1960.
Answer:
New seed varieties of wheat (Mexico) and rice (Philippines) were imported in 1960.

Question 26.
What do you mean by small and fragmented landholdings?
Answer:
Landholdings of less than 1 hectare are called small landholdings. When these are scattered at different places, it is called fragmented landholdings.

Question 27.
What do you mean by under¬employment?
Answer:
When a person is working below his potential, he is said to be under-employed and this situation is called under¬employment.

Question 28.
What is barren and wasteland?
Answer:
The land which may be classified as a wasteland such as barren hilly terrains, desert lands, ravines, etc. normally cannot be brought under cultivation with the available technology. ,

Question 29.
Define fallow land?
Answer:
This is the land which is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year. Fallowing is a cultural practise adopted for giving the land rest. The land recoups the lost fertility through natural processes.

Question 30.
What is fallow other than current fallow?
Answer:
This is also a cultivable land which is left uncultivated for more than a year but less than five years. If the land is left uncultivated for more than five years, it would be categorized as culturable wasteland.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which four categories witnessed a decline in land use? Why?
Answer:
The four categories that have registered a decline are barren and wasteland, culturable wasteland, area under pastures and tree crops and fallow lands. The following explanations can be given for the declining trends:

Question 2.
What are the varieties of rice in India?
Answer:
Rice is a tropical crop and has about 3,000 varieties that are grown in different agro-climatic regions from sea level to about 2,000 m altitude and from humid areas in eastern India to dry but irrigated areas of the west. In southern states and West Bengal two to three crops of rice in an agricultural year. In West Bengal farmers grow three crops of rice called ‘aus’, ‘aman’ and ‘boro’. In Himalayas and northwestern parts of the country, it is grown as a kharif crop during southwest Monsoon season.

Question 3.
What is the importance of pulses in India?
Answer:
Pulses are a very important as part of vegetarian food as a source of protein. Since these are legume crops they help in restoring the natural fertility of soils through the nitrogen fixing bacteria rhizobium in their roots. Since they do not much care, they can be grown in drier parts of the country, where the fine cereals cannot be grown.

Question 4.
What problems are faced by the fibre crops in India?
Answer:
India lost a big cotton growing area to Pakistan during partition and jute growing area to East Pakistan that is Bangladesh. Also these fibres are facing stiff competition from synthetic fibre as they are cheap, durable and easy to work with.

Question 5.
Write a note on tea cultivation in India.
Answer:
Tea is a plantation crop used as beverage. Black tea leaves are fermented whereas green tea leaves are unfermented. In India, tea plantation started in 1840’s in Brahmaputra valley of Assam which still is a major tea growing area in the country. Later, it was introduced in the sub-Himalayan region of West Bengal. It is also grown in Nilgiri and Cardamom hills. India accounts for about 28 per cent of total production in the world. Presently, it ranks third among tea exporting countries in the world after Sri Lanka and China. Assam accounts for about 53.2 per cent of the total cropped area and contributes more than half of total production of tea in the country. West Bengal and Tamil Nadu are the other leading producers of tea.

Question 6.
What is the importance of coarse cereals in India?
Answer:
Coarse cereals like Jowar, Bajra, ragi and maize occupy about 17% of the total cropped area. These crops are sometimes grown as part of mixed cropping and are grown almost all over dry and semi arid parts of India since they do not require much care, fertilizer, etc. So, the areas where rice and wheat are not grown, these are grown by farmers who cannot afford to grow fine cereals. Coarse cereals also have a very high nutritious value. For a developing country like India, they are highly suitable for poor farmers to grow them on inferior quality, drier lands.

Question 7.
Why does India need irrigation?
Answer:
In India irrigation is needed for the spatio-temporal variation in rainfall. The water intensive crops makes irrigation necessary. Irrigation also makes multiple cropping possible. HYV varieties of crops require assured water supply at the right time to give the maximum production.

Question 8.
What are the advantages of common property resources?
Answer:

Question 9.
Explain the conditions for the growth of wheat.
Answer:
Wheat is the second most important cereal crop in India after rice.
Conditions:

Question 10.
Explain the conditions for the growth of rice.
Answer:
Rice is a staple food for the overwhelming majority of population in India.
Conditions:

Question 11.
Which crops are included in oil seeds? Give a brief account of their production.
Answer:
Oil seeds include:

The oil seeds are produced for extracting edible oils. Drylands of Malwa plateau, Marathwada, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Telangana and Rayalseema region of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka plateau are oil seeds growing regions of India. These crops together occupy about 14 per cent of total cropped area in the country.

Question 12.
Give the desired conditions for the growth of cotton.
Answer:
Desired Conditions:

cotton is high under irrigated conditions in north western region of the country. Its yield is very low in Maharashtra where it is grown under rained conditions.

Question 13.
Give the desired conditions for the growth of sugarcane.
Answer:
Desired Conditions:

Question 14.
What is package technology?
Answer:
New seed varieties of wheat (Mexico) and rice (Philippines) known as high yielding varieties (HYVs) were available for cultivation by mid-1960s. India also introduced package technology comprising HYVs, along with chemical fertilisers in irrigated, areas of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat. Its basic need was assured supply of soil moisture through irrigation. This strategy of agricultural development paid dividends instantly and increased the foodgrains production at very fast rate. This spurt of agricultural growth came to be known as ‘Green Revolution’ which is a result of package technology.

Question 15.
Explain the land-use categories as maintained in the Land Revenue Records?
Answer:
The land-use categories as maintained in the Land Revenue Records are as follows:

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the land-use categories based on Land revenue records.
Answer:
The land-use categories as maintained in the Land Revenue Records are as follows: (zj Forests: It is important to note that area under actual forest cover is different from area classified as forest. The latter is the area which the Government has identified and demarcated for forest growth.

Question 2.
How is land significant/valuable in the livelihood of people?
Answer:
Land resource is more crucial to the livelihood of the people depending on agriculture:

Question 3.
What is the staple crop of our country? How many varieties are there? What is India’s contribution to the world? Where is it grown in India?
Answer:
Rice is the staple crop of the country. Rice is a tropical crop and has about 3,000 varieties that are grown in different agro-climatic regions from sea level to about 2,000 m altitude and from humid areas in eastern India to dry but irrigated areas of the west. In southern states and West Bengal two to three crops of rice in an agricultural year. In West Bengal farmers grow three crops of rice called ‘aus’, ‘aman’ and ‘boro’.

India contributes 21.6 per cent of rice production in the world and ranked second after China (2008-09). West Bengal, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh were the leading rice producing states in the country in 2009-10. The yield level of rice is high in Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal and Kerala. The yield of this crop is very low in rainfed areas of M.P., Chhattisgarh and Odisha.

Question 4.
Show with example the development of agricultural with technology.
Answer:
There has been a significant increase in agricultural output and improvement in technology during the last fifty years.

Question 5.
Write a note on the problems of Indian agriculture.
Ans. The nature of problems faced by •Indian agriculture varies according to agro-ecological and historical experiences of its different regions. But there are some problems which are common and range from physical constraints to institutional hindrances. Some problems are:

Question 6.
Define common property resources.
Answer:
Land, according to its ownership can broadly be classified under two broad heads – private land and common property resources (CPR’s). While the former is owned by an individual or a group of individuals, the latter is owned by the state meant for the use of the community, fodder form a degraded area of CPR. CPR’s can be defined as community’s natural resource, where every member has the right of access and usage with specified obligations, without anybody having property rights over them. Community forests, pasture lands, village water bodies and other public space are examples of CPR’s which are used and managed by households.

CPR’s provide fodder for the livestock and fuel for the households along with other minor forest products like fruits, nuts, fibre, medicinal plants, etc. In rural areas, such land is of particular relevance for the livelihood of the landless and marginal farmers and other weaker sections since many of them depend on income from their livestock due to the fact that they have limited access to land. CPR’s also are important for women as most of the fodder and fuel collection is done by them in rural areas. They have to devote long hours in collecting fuel and fodder from a degraded area of CPR.

Question 7.
Classify farming based on the ‘source of moisture’.
Answer:
On the basis of main source of moisture for crops, the farming can be classified as irrigated and rainfed (barani). There is difference in the nature of irrigated farming as well based on objective of irrigation, i.e. protective or productive. The objective of protective irrigation is to protect the crops from adverse effects of soil moisture deficiency which often means that irrigation acts as a supplementary source of water over and above the rainfall. The strategy of this kind of irrigation is to provide soil moisture to maximum possible area. Productive irrigation is meant to provide sufficient soil moisture in the cropping season to achieve high productivity. In such irrigation the water input per unit area of cultivated land is higher than protective irrigatioh. Rainfed farming is further classified on the basis of adequacy of soil moisture during cropping season into dryland and wetland farming. In India, the dryland farming is largely confined to the regions having annual rainfall less than 75 cm.

These regions grow hardy and drought resistant crops such as ragi, bajra, moong, gram and guar (fodder crops) and practise various measures of soil moisture conservation and rain water harvesting. In wetland farming, the rainfall is in excess of soil moisture requirement of plants during rainy season. Such regions may face flood and soil erosion hazards. These areas grow various water intensive crops such as rice, jute and sugarcane and practise aquaculture in the fresh water bodies.

Question 8.
What are the three economic factors that affect land-use?
OR
Describe the three types of changes that of changes that an economy undergoes which affect its land use pattern.
Answer:
Three factors that affect land-use are as follows:

Question 9.
Which three categories have undergone increase in land use pattern? Explain why.
Answer:
Categories that have undergone increase in land use pattern are as follows:

Question 10.
Give statistical account of small and fragmented landholdings. Why are small and fragmented landholdings undesirable?
Answer:
There are a large number of marginal and small farmers in the countiy. More than 60 per cent of the ownership holdings have a size smaller than one hectare. Furthermore, about 40 per cent of the farmers have operational holding size smaller than 0.5 hectare. The average size of landholding is shrinking further under increasing population pressure. Furthermore, in India, the landholdings are mostly fragmented. There are some states where consolidation of holding has not been carried out even once. Even the states where it has been carried out once, second consolidation is required as landholdings have fragmented again in the process of division of land among the owners of next generations.

The small size fragmented landholdings are uneconomic. A lot of land gets wasted in fencing and modern farming methods cannot be used for small landholdings.

Question 11.
What is the importance of pulses in our diet? What are the main pulses grown in India?
Answer:
Pulses are a very important ingredient of vegetarian food as these are rich sources of proteins. These are legume crops which increase the natural fertility of soils through nitrogen fixation.

Differentiates

Question 1.
What is the basic difference between Land Revenue Department and Survey of India?
Answer:

Land Revenue Department

Survey of India

It changes somewhat depending on the estimates of the land revenue records

It does not change, and stays fixed as per Survey of India measurements

Question 2.
Differentiate between protective irrigation and productive irrigation.
Answer:

Basis

Protective irrigation

Productive irrigation

objective

The objective of protective farming is to protect the crops from adverse affects of lack of soil moisture.

Irrigation is done to achieve high productivity.

Irrigation

Irrigation acts as an additional source of water over and above the rainfall.

It tends to provide sufficient soil moisture in cropping season.

Water
requirement

The strategy of this kind of irrigation is to provide soil moisture to maximum possible area.

In such irrigation the water input per unit area of cultivated land is higher than protective irrigation.

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

Question 1.
Compare the features of productive and protective irrigation.
Answer:
Protective Irrigation:

Productive Irrigation:

Question 2.
Why is traditional cropping pattern changing in India nowadays
Answer:
Traditional cropping pattern is changing nowadays because:

Question 3.
The Green Revolution was not equally successful in all parts of India. Why?
Answer:
The Green Revolution was not equally successful in all parts of India due to following reasons:

Question 4.
“Indian farmers gamble with the monsoon”. Illustrate this statement.
Answer:
It is rightly said that Indian farmers gamble with monsoon. It can be proved through following facts:

Question 5.
Why do the large number of farmers produce crops for self-consumption in India?
Answer:
In India many farmers are producing crops for self-consumption. Following reasons are responsible for it:

Map Based Questions

Question 1.
Locate and label the following on the political map of India with appropriate symbols.
(i) Rice producing states
(ii) Wheat producing states
Answer:
(i) West Bengal, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Tamil nadu
(ii) Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and M.P.

Class 12 Geography NCERT Solutions Chapter 5 Land Resources and Agriculture Map Based Questions Q1

Question 2.
Locate and label the following on the political map of India with appropriate symbols.
(i) Major maize producing states
(ii) Major jowar producing states
(iii) Major bajra producing states
Answer:
(i) M.P., A.P., Karnataka, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh
(ii) Maharashtra, Karnataka, M.P., A.P.
(iii) Maharashtra, Gujarat, U.P., Rajasthan and Haryana
Class 12 Geography NCERT Solutions Chapter 5 Land Resources and Agriculture Map Based Questions Q2

Question 3.
Locate and label the following on the political map of India with appropriate symbols,
(i) Leading producer of groundnut
(ii) Leading producer of sugarcane
Answer:
(i) Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Maharashtra
(ii) Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat
Class 12 Geography NCERT Solutions Chapter 5 Land Resources and Agriculture Map Based Questions Q3

Question 4.
Locate and label the following on the political map of India with appropriate symbols.
(i) Leading cotton producing states
(ii) Leading jute producing states
Answer:
(i) Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh
(ii) West Bengal, Bihar, Assam
Class 12 Geography NCERT Solutions Chapter 5 Land Resources and Agriculture Map Based Questions Q4

Question 5.
Locate and label the following on the political map of India with appropriate symbols.
(i) Tea producing states
(ii) Coffee producing states
Answer:
(i) Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu
(ii) Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu
Class 12 Geography NCERT Solutions Chapter 5 Land Resources and Agriculture Map Based Questions Q5

Important Questions

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How is the productive irrigation able to achieve high productivity in India? (A.I. 2009)
Answer:
Productive irrigation provides timely water in required quantity to crops and help in achieving high productivity in India.

Question 2.
What is the main objective of productive irrigation in India? (Foreign 2009)
Answer:
The main objective of productive irrigation is to achieve high productivity in India.

Question 3.
What is the contribution of India in the production of rice in the world? (A.I., Delhi 2011)
Answer:
India contributes 21.6 per cent of rice production in the world and ranked second after China.

Question 4.
Mention the two processes that induce land degradation in India. (Foreign 2011)
Answer:
Faulty strategy of irrigation and agricultural development.

Question 5.
Classify rainfed farming on the basis of adequacy of soil moisture during cropping season. (Delhi 2017)
Answer:
Classification of Rain fed farming:
(i) Dry land farming
(ii) Wet land farming

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
“Land degradation caused by human made processes are more harmful than natural processes in India.” Analyse the statement with suitable example. (Delhi 2009)
OR
Explain any three factors responsible for land degradation in India. (Delhi 2010)
OR
“Degradation of cultivable land is one of the most serious problems that arises out of irrigation and agricultural development in India.” Support this statement with three points. (CBSE 2011)
OR
How is the degradation of cultivable land one of the serious problems in India? Explain in any three points. (CBSE 2010)
Answer:

Question 2.
Classify rainfed farming of India into two categories on the basis of adequacy of soil moisture during cropping season. Explain any two features of each. (A.I. 2010)
Answer:
Rainfed farming is classified on the basis of adequacy of soil moisture during cropping season into dryland and wetland farming.

Question 3.
Classify Indian farming into two groups on the basis of main source of moisture for crops. Write two features of each.
Answer:
On the basis of main source of moisture for crops, Indian farming can be classified into irrigated and rainfed farming. Features of irrigated farming:

Features of rainfed farming:

Question 4.
Describe any three characteristics of ‘wetland farming’ in India. (A.I. 2013)
Answer:
Characteristics:

Question 5.
State any two characteristics each of the three distinct ‘cropping seasons’ of India. (CBSE 2014)
Answer:

Kharif Crop Season:

Rabi Crop Season:

Zaid Crop Season:

6. Study the given diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow: (Delhi 2017)
Class 12 Geography NCERT Solutions Chapter 5 Land Resources and Agriculture SAQ Q6

Question 7.(1)
Which land use category has shown the highest increasing trend? What percentage in reporting area has increased in that category, during the given period?
Answer:
Highest increasing trend in land use – Area under Non agricultural uses & 5:9 or 80%

Question 7.(2)
Explain any two reasons responsible for the increasing trend in that category.
Answer:

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Explain the term ‘cropping intensity’. Describe the three cropping seasons in India. (CBSE 2014)
Answer:
Intensity of cropping means the number of crops raised on a field during an agricultural year. It indicates the efficiency of land use. The three cropping seasons of India are: kharif, rabi and zaid.

Kharif: It coincides with southwest Monsoon. This season starts from June and ends in September. During this season tropical crops such as rice, cotton, jute, jo war. bajra and tur are grown.

Rabi: The rabi season begins with the onset of winter in October-November and ends in March-April. The low temperature conditions during this season facilitate the cultivation of temperate and subtropical crops such as wheat, gram and mustard.

Zaid: Zaid is a short duration summer cropping season beginning after harvesting of rabi crops. Watermelons, cucumbers, vegetables and fodder crops are cultivated during this season.

Question 2.
Explain the importance of foodgrains in the Indian agricultural economy. Describe any three characteristics of rice cultivation. (CBSE, A.I. 2015)
OR
Explain the importance of food grains in the Indian agricultural economy. Describe any three characteristics of rice cultivation. (A.I. 2015)
Answer:
The importance of foodgrains in Indian agricultural economy:

Question 3.
“Erratic monsoon” and ‘Indebtness are the major problems of India agriculture.’ Suggest and explain the measures to overcome these problems. (CBSE 2016)
Answer:
Suggestions to solve the problem of erratic monsoon are:

Suggestions for solving the problem of rural indebtedness:

Question 4.
Review any five measures adopted to solve the problems of Indian agriculture. (A.I. 2017)
Answer:
Five measures adopted to solve the problems of Indian agriculture:
To increase food grains production by

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