पाठ 33: Grammar 5: Reported Speech (प्रत्यक्ष एवं अप्रत्यक्ष कथन)

Chapter : 5

REPORTED SPEECH

अंग्रेजी भाषा में 'कहने वाले' (वक्ता) की बात को दो प्रकार से व्यक्त किया जा सकता है—

1. Direct Narration : जब वक्ता के शब्दों को ज्यों का त्यों अर्थात् उसी के शब्दों में कहा जाता है तो इस ढंग को Direct Narration अथवा Direct Speech कहते हैं। ऐसी दशा में कहने वाले के शब्दों को inverted commas ("—") में रखा जाता है। Reported Clause का प्रथम शब्द बड़े अक्षर (Capital letter) से आरम्भ होता है।

2. Indirect Narration : जब वक्ता (कहने वाले व्यक्ति) के कथन को अपने शब्दों में व्यक्त करते हैं कि उसके कहने का अर्थ क्या था, तो इस ढंग को Indirect Narration अथवा Indirect Speech अथवा Reported Speech कहते हैं। इस दशा में, Inverted commas का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।

3. Structure ( संरचना ) of Direct Speech :

उदाहरण—

Reporting Clause/Verb : यह sub. + verb + ob. (आवश्यक हो तो) से बनता है। इसकी Verb (क्रिया) Reported Clause को प्रस्तुत करती है।

Reported Clause : यह वक्ता द्वारा कहा गया मूल कथन होता है जो inverted commas में होता है।

Direct से Indirect में Change करने के कुछ सामान्य नियम

1. Reporting Clause/Verb की Verb का Tense कभी भी नहीं बदलता है। Reporting Clause में Object (कर्म) दिया गया हो तो say को tell में, says को tells में एवं said को told/asked/ordered आदि में नियमानुसार बदलते हैं तथा 'to' को हटा देते हैं। किन्तु, say/said के बाद कोई Object न हो तो say/said ज्यों के त्यों लिख देते हैं।

2. Reporting Clause/Verb के बाद लगाये गये Comma (,) को हटा देते हैं।

3. Indirect speech में inverted commas ("..........") को हटा देते हैं।

4. Reporting Clause व Reported Clause को जोड़ने के लिए नियमानुसार Conjunction (that, if आदि) लगाते हैं।

5. Reported Clause का first letter जो कि capital letter में होता है, को Indirect Speech में small letter में change करते हैं, किन्तु यदि यह Proper Noun है तो फिर Capital में ही रहने देते हैं।

6. Direct Speech में दिये गये विभिन्न प्रकार के sentences को Assertive Sentence (साधारण वाक्य) में ही change करते हैं।

7. (a) यदि Reporting Clause में verb, present अथवा Future Tense में हो तब Indirect में परिवर्तन करते समय Reported Clause के Tense में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं किया है। यदि Reporting Clause, Past Tense में है तब Reported Speech के Tense में अग्र प्रकार परिवर्तन करते हैं।

Reported Speech—Class 10

(b) यदि Reporting Clause, Past Tense में हो तथा Reported Clause Future Tense में हो, तब Indirect Speech में निम्न प्रकार परिवर्तन होता है—

(c) जब Reporting Clause, Past Tense में दिया गया हो तब Reported Clause में आए कुछ शब्दों का परिवर्तन निम्न प्रकार किया जाता है—

CHANGES OF TENSES

1. Simple Present Tense को Change करें Simple Past Tense

[Verb-I] — [Verb-II]

2. Present Progressive — Past Progressive

[is/are/am + V में ing] — [was/were + V में ing]

3. Present Perfect — Past Perfect

[has/have + V-III] — [had + V-III]

4. Present Perfect Progressive — Past Perfect Progressive

[has been/have been] — [had been]

5. Simple Past — Past Perfect

[V-II या did + V-I] — [had + V-III]

6. Past Progressive

[was/were + V में ing]

Past Perfect Progressive

[had been + V में ing]

7. Past Perfect Tense

[had + V-III]

कोई change नहीं

[had + V-III]

8. Past Perfect Progressive

[had been + V में ing]

कोई change नहीं

[had been + V में ing]

9. will/shall

would/should

10. can/may

could/might

11. will/shall have been

would/should have been

12. will/shall have

would/should have

13. must

must or/and Had to/would have to

<div style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; margin: 10px auto; width: 60%;">

<b>Rules For The Changes of Tenses</b><br>

<b>Tenses में परिवर्तन संबंधी नियम</b>

</div>

Rule 1 : यदि Reporting Clause की Verb, Present या Future Tense में हो तो Reported Clause के Tense (अर्थात् Verb) में कोई change नहीं करना है किन्तु यदि Reported Clause में Pronouns या/और Words of Time and Place (समय व स्थान की निकटता सूचक शब्द) दिये हों तो उनमें नियमानुसार परिवर्तन करना है। जैसे—

Direct : Ram says, "Children like to play."

Indirect : Ram says that children like to play.

Direct : Arti will say, "Bharti is honest."

Indirect : Arti will say that Bharti is honest.

Direct : He has said, "I am innocent."

Indirect : He has said that he is innocent.

Rule 2 : यदि Reporting Clause की Verb, Past Tense में हो तो Reported Clause के Tenses में निम्न नियमानुसार changes करें।

(a) Simple Present Tense को बदलें Simple Past Tense में—

[V-I] [Verb-II या did + V-I]

Direct : Shyam said, "Hari grows plants."

Indirect : Shyam said that Hari grew plants.

Direct : Mohan said, "Mamta does not like oily things."

Indirect : Mohan said that Mamta did not like oily things.

(b) Present Continuous को बदलें Past Continuous में—

[is/are/am] [was/were]

Direct : She said, "Anita is writing a story."

Indirect : She said that Anita was writing a story.

(c) Present Perfect को बदलें Past Perfect में—

[has/have] [had]

Direct : I said, "Asha has learnt English."

Indirect : I said that Asha had learnt English.

(d) Present Perfect Continuous को बदलें Past Perfect Continuous में—

[has been/have been] [had been]

Reported Speech—Class 10

Direct : You said, "Snow has been falling since Monday."

Indirect : You said that snow had been falling since Monday.

(e) Simple Past Tense को बदलें Past Perfect Tense में—

[V-II या ] []

Direct : Hariom said, "Anita went there."

Indirect : Hariom said that Anita had gone there.

Direct : Vishnu said, "Gyanesh did not beat him."

Indirect : Vishnu said that Gyanesh had not beaten him.

(f) Past Continuous Tense को बदलें Past Perfect Continuous में—

[was/were] [had been]

Direct : Vishal said, "Kuldeep was obtaining good marks."

Indirect : Vishal said that Kuldeep had been obtaining good marks.

(g) Past Perfect Tense में कोई change नहीं होता है—

[]

Direct : Mahendra said, "Rameshwar had married his friend."

Indirect : Mahendra said that Rameshwar had married his friend.

(h) Past Perfect Continuous Tense में कोई change नहीं करना है—

[ में ]

Direct : He said, "She had been teaching since 2001."

Indirect : He said that she had been teaching since 2001.

(i) सभी Future Tenses में shall व will को would/should में बदलें—

Direct : Sandhya said, "Prashant will get the job."

Indirect : Sandhya said that Prashant would get the job.

Direct : He said, "I shall work hard."

Indirect : He said that he would work hard.

(j) Can को Could में व may को might में बदलें—

Direct : Seema said, "Purushottam can do it."

Indirect : Seema said that Purushottam could do that.

Direct : Kusum said, "Asha may talk in English."

Indirect : Kusum said that Asha might talk in English.

(k) Must को परिवर्तित नहीं करते हैं यदि यह Permanent rule (स्थायी नियम), command (आदेश), prohibition (निषेध), intention (इरादा), advice (परामर्श) आदि को इंगित करता है।

— Must को में परिवर्तित करते हैं यदि यह Present or immediate necessity (वर्तमान या तात्कालिक अनिवार्यता) को इंगित करता है।

— Must को में परिवर्तित करते हैं यदि यह भविष्य की अनिवार्यता (future necessity) को इंगित करता है।

Direct : He said, "She must help them."

Indirect : He said that she must help them.

Direct : Puru said, "Kusum must go home at once."

Indirect : Puru said that Kusum had to go home at once.

Direct : Puru said, "Seema must leave tomorrow."

Indirect : Puru said that Seema would have to leave the next day.

() यदि Reported Clause में स्वागत (welcome) या विदाई (farewell) सूचक शब्द जैसे (Good Morning, Good evening, Good night etc.) का प्रयोग हो तो उन वाक्यों को Indirect में लिखते समय

Reporting verb के बाद अर्थानुसार bid/bids/bade/wish/wishes/wished का प्रयोग किया जाता है तथा उसके बाद Reporting verb का object लिखा जाता है। जैसे—

1. Direct : My classmate said to me, "Good morning, you have finished your home work."

Indirect : My classmate wished me good morning, and said that I had finished my home work.

2. Direct : He said, "Congratulations."

Indirect : He congratulated (me).

3. Direct : "Many happy returns on your birthday," he said.

Indirect : He blessed me with many happy returns on my birthday.

4. Direct : He said, "Good-bye, my brother."

Indirect : He bade good-bye to his brother.

5. Direct : He said, "Hello what do you want?"

Indirect : He greeted (me) and asked what I wanted.

6. Direct : He said, "Condemn it."

Indirect : He asked to condemn it.

(m) यदि Reporting Verb का प्रयोग वाक्य के अन्त में और बीच में किया गया है तो ऐसे वाक्य को Indirect में परिवर्तित करते समय Reporting Verb को प्रारम्भ में ही लिखिए। जैसे—

Direct : "He has gone to the office." he said.

Indirect : He said that he had gone to the office.

Direct : "You are a good student", the teacher said to me, "because you have won the first prize."

Indirect : The teacher told me that I was a good student because I had won the first prize.

Tense सम्बन्धी नियम के अपवाद [Exceptions]

निम्न स्थितियों में Reporting Clause के Past Tense में होते हुए भी Reported Clause के Tense में Change नहीं होता है।

(1) जब Reported Clause में Universal Truth (सार्वभौम सत्य) हो—

Direct : The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east."

Indirect : The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.

(2) जब Reported Clause में आदत संबंधी कार्य (customary action) हो—

Direct : The teacher said, "Birds fly in the sky."

Indirect : The teacher said that birds fly in the sky.

(3) जब Reported Clause में कोई कहावत/मुहावरे (Proverbs/Idioms) हों—

Direct : The teacher said, "Fortune favours the brave."

Indirect : The teacher said that fortune favours the brave.

(4) जब Reported Clause में ऐतिहासिक तथ्य (historical fact) हो—

Direct : The teacher said, "India got freedom in 1947."

Indirect : The teacher said that India got freedom in 1947.

(5) जब Time Clause, Past Tense में हो—

यदि Reported Clause में Time Clause है तथा Main Verb व Verb in Time Clause दोनों Simple Past Tense में हैं तो इन Verbs में कोई change नहीं होगा।

1. Direct : You said, "The boy stopped there till his father came back."

Indirect : You said that the boy stopped there till his father came back.

2. Direct : Anita said, "I was happy when I saw Hariom."

Indirect : Anita said that she was happy when she saw Hariom.

Reported Speech—Class 10

लेकिन, यदि main verb, Simple Past Tense में व Verb in Time Clause, Past Continuous Tense में हो तो main verb को Past Perfect Tense में change करें किन्तु Time Clause की verb को unchanged रखें।

Direct : She said, "Bharti slipped when she was trying to board a train."

Indirect : She said that Bharti had slipped when she was trying to board a train.

(6) A State of Affairs still Exists—

यदि Reported Clause में A state of affairs which still exists (ऐसी कार्य स्थिति जो अभी भी विद्यमान है) हो तो इसका Tense प्रायः नहीं बदलता है—

1. Direct : Asha said, "Whatever Arti does it displeases Bharat."

Indirect : Asha said that whatever Arti does it displeases Bharat.

2. Direct : Arjun said, "Dad wants to become rich by winning a lottery."

Indirect : Arjun said that his dad wants to become rich by winning a lottery.

Indirect Speech में परिवर्तन होने पर Reported Clause के Person का परिवर्तन निम्न प्रकार होता है—

Rule 1 : Direct से Indirect बनाते समय Reported Clause के First Person Pronouns [I, my/mine/myself, me; We, our/ours/ourselves, us] के Case (कारक), Number (वचन) व Gender (लिंग) का ध्यान रखते हुए इन्हें Reporting Clause के Subject (कर्त्ता) से change करना है।

Direct : He said, "I do my work myself."

Indirect : He said that he did his work himself.

Direct : She said, "We did our work ourselves."

Indirect : She said that they had done their work themselves.

Rule 2 : Direct से Indirect बनाते समय Reported Clause के Second Person Pronouns [You, your/yours/yourself/yourselves, You] के Case (कारक), Number (वचन) व Gender (लिंग) का ध्यान रखते हुए इन्हें Reporting Clause के Object से Change करना है।

Direct : Kusum said to Puru, "You do not touch your bag yourself."

Indirect : Kusum told Puru that he did not touch his bag himself.

नोट— यदि Reporting Clause में Object नहीं दिया हो तो ऐसे में First Person या Third Person Pronouns के objective cases (me, us; him, her, them) में से किसी एक को सदर्भानुसार Object मानकर Second Person Pronouns में नियमानुसार आवश्यक change करते हैं।

Direct : Vishnu said, "You should help your friend."

Indirect : Vishnu said that I/We/he/she/they should help my/our/his/her/their friend.

व्याख्या— यदि Object, me मानेंगे तो I; us मानेंगे तो we; him मानेंगे तो he; her मानेंगे तो she; them मानेंगे तो they आयेगा और आगे भी ऐसे ही change होगा।

Rule 3 : Direct से Indirect बनाते समय Reported Clause में आये हुए Third Person Pronouns [he, his, him, himself; she, her, herself, hers; it, its, itself; they, their, theirs; them, themselves] में कोई change नहीं करना है।

Direct : Subham said, "He is intelligent."

Indirect : Subham said that he was intelligent.

Rule 4 : यदि Direct Speech में I या we के साथ shall हो और Indirect बनाते समय I के स्थान पर he या she तथा we के स्थान पर they का प्रयोग किया गया हो तो shall को भी would में ही change करना है, should में change नहीं करना है।

Direct : Kusum said, "I shall work hard."

Indirect : Kusum said that she would work hard.

1. Direct : You said to me, "I went to school yesterday."

Indirect : You told me that you had gone to school the previous day.

2. Direct : She said, 'This is a good joke today.'

Indirect : She said that that was a good joke that day.

3. Direct : She said, 'yesterday I was here.'

Indirect : She said that the previous day she was there.

<center>

Some Special Changes

( कुछ विशेष परिवर्तन )

</center>

[Address (सम्बोधन) वाले वाक्य]

Type : 1 : यदि Inverted Commas के अन्दर आरम्भ में कोई Noun हो और उसके तुरन्त बाद Comma (,) हो तो वह Noun, Reporting Verb में आ जायेगा। जैसे–

Direct : She said, "Mukesh, I am going to your house."

(यहाँ Mukesh के बाद Comma है।)

Indirect : She told Mukesh that she was going to his house.

Type : 1 A : यदि Reported Clause में-(i) वाक्य के लगभग अंत में Comma हो, (ii) Capital अक्षर में कोई Noun हो, और (iii) वाक्य समाप्त हो गया हो तो वह Noun, Reporting Verb में आ जायेगा। जैसे–

Direct : He said, "I can give you money, Sita."

Indirect : He told Sita that he could give her money.

Reported Speech—Class 10

Type : 1 B : यदि Reported Clause में—(i) वाक्य के लगभग अंत में Comma हो, (ii) small letter में कोई Noun हो, और (iii) वाक्य समाप्त हो गया हो तो वह Noun के पहले, the लगकर Reporting Verb में आयेगा। जैसे—

Direct : The teacher said, “I shall not teach you, boys.”

Indirect : The teacher told the boys that he would not teach them.

Type : 2 : यदि inverted commas के आरम्भ में 'Well ...............' अथवा 'You see ..........', 'I see............' हो तो इनको हटा देते हैं—

Direct : He said, “Well Rani, I cannot come to you.”

Indirect : He told Rani that he could not go to her.

Direct : Rajesh said, “You see, I shall punish you.”

Indirect : Rajesh told (me) that he would punish me.

Type : 3 : यदि Reported Clause में ‘Sir’ दिया हो तो Indirect बनाते समय (i) Reporting Clause में respectfully का प्रयोग करो (ii) और Reported Clause में से 'Sir' हटा दो।

Direct : She said, “Sir, I want to go home”.

Indirect : She respectfully said that she wanted to go home.

Type : 4 : यदि Reporting Clause में ‘Thanks’, अथवा ‘Thank you’ हो इन शब्दों को हटा देते हैं और Reporting Clause में Verb को thanked में बदल देते हैं।

Direct : Vimla said, “Thank you Ramesh for coming to my house”.

Indirect : Vimla thanked Ramesh for going to her house.

जिस प्रकार काल के अनुसार (Tensewise) Direct से Indirect में बदलने के नियम होते हैं उसी प्रकार वाक्य के विभिन्न प्रकारों के अनुसार भी Direct से Indirect में बदलने के कुछ नियम होते हैं—अर्थ के दृष्टिकोण से वाक्य के प्रकार निम्न हैं—

1. Assertive Sentence—कथनात्मक वाक्य/स्वीकारात्मक/अस्वीकारात्मक वाक्य

2. Interrogative Sentence—प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य

3. Imperative Sentence—आज्ञासूचक वाक्य

4. Optative Sentence—इच्छाबोधक वाक्य

5. Exclamatory Sentence—विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य

I. ASSERTIVE SENTENCE

वह वाक्य जिससे हाँ/नहीं का बोध होता है वो वाक्य Assertive कहलाता है। ‘हाँ’ का बोध होने वाले वाक्य को Affirmative तथा ‘नहीं’ का बोध होने वाले वाक्य को Negative कहते हैं।

इस प्रकार के वाक्यों को Direct से Indirect में बदलते समय सामान्य नियमों का ही प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे—

RULES

Rule : 1 : Reporting Clause में said to के स्थान पर told, say to के स्थान पर tell व says to के स्थान पर told लगा दो। told, tell व tells के बाद ‘to’ नहीं आता है।

Rule : 2 : Inverted comma के स्थान पर connective ‘that’ आयेगा।

Direct : My friend says to him, “You are not a wise man.”

Indirect : My friend tells him that he is not a wise man.

Direct : Mrs. Pandey said, “I can buy a car.”

Indirect : Mrs. Pandey said that she could buy a car.

II. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

पहचान—Inverted Commas में Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य) दो प्रकार से आरम्भ हो सकते हैं—

(i) Wh—अर्थात् question word (जैसे-who, whose, whom, when, where, why, how........... आदि) से; अथवा

(ii) Helping Verb से (जैसे-do, did, does, is, are, am, was, were, shall, will, would, may, might, has, have, had ............ आदि) से।

<div class="rules-box">

RULES

(Part-I) Rule : 1 : Reporting Clause में 'said to' के स्थान पर asked लगा दो। 'asked' के बाद 'to' नहीं आता है। 'said to' को 'enquired of' में भी बदल सकते हैं। spelling की सुविधा के कारण तुम 'asked' में ही बदलो।

Rule : 2 : यदि Reported Clause में वाक्य Wh— से आरम्भ हो तो कोई Connective नहीं आयेगा।

Rule : 3 : यदि Reported Clause में वाक्य Helping Verb (is, are, am, was, were, will, can ............) से आरम्भ हो तो Connective— 'if' अथवा 'whether' लगाओ। तुम्हारे लिए 'if' सुविधाजनक रहेगा।

(Part-II) Rule : 4 : Helping Verb को Subject के बाद लाओ।

Rule : 5 : वाक्य के अन्त में Full Stop लगाओ। प्रश्नवाचक चिह्न हटा दो।

(Part-III) ( आगे Examples के बाद देखें )

</div>

Examples

1. Direct : She said to Hari, "Are you a student?"

Indirect : She asked Hari if he was a student.

2. Direct : Rakhi said to Atul, "Can you help me in my work?"

Indirect : Rakhi asked Atul if he could help her in her work.

3. Direct : He said to Sita, "When will you go to your school tomorrow?"

Indirect : He asked Sita when she would go to her school the next day.

<div class="rules-box">

RULES

(Part III) Rule : 6 : यदि Inverted Commas के अन्दर do (अथवा does) H. V. हो तो Indirect बनाते समय do (अथवा does) को हटा दो तथा मुख्य verb की II Form कर दो।

1. Direct : He said to me, "Do you help Sita?"

Indirect: He asked me if I helped Sita.

Rule : 7 : यदि Inverted Commas के अन्दर did -helping verb हो तो Indirect बनाते समय did को हटा दो और कर दो।

2. Direct : Vimla said to Hari, "Did you write a story?"

Indirect: Vimla asked Hari if he had written a story.

Rule : 8 : यदि Inverted Commas के अन्दर do not (या does not) हो तो Indirect बनाते समय did not कर दो।

3. Direct : You asked me, "Do you not go to school?"

Indirect: You asked me if I did not go to school.

Rule : 9 : यदि Inverted Commas में did not हो तो Indirect बनाते समय had not + V^3 लाओ।

4. Direct : The teacher told you, "Did you not pay my fee?"

Indirect: The teacher asked you if you had not paid his fee.

5. Direct : She said to me, "Do you play football in the evening?"

Indirect: She asked me if I played football in the evening.

6. Direct : He said to Sita, "Did I not attend your function?"

Indirect: He asked Sita if he had not attended her function.

7. Direct : Mohit said, "Why were they late?"

Indirect: Mohit asked why they had been late.

</div>

Reported Speech—Class 10

8. Direct : Uma said to Hari, "Why did you not come to my house?"

Indirect : Uma asked Hari why he had not gone to her house.

Rule : 10 : यदि Reported Clause में Assertive Sentence + (,) + ? (Question Tag) का प्रयोग किया गया है तब ऐसे वाक्य को Indirect में परिवर्तित करते समय Question Tag वाले वाक्य को छोड़ दिया जाता है। Connecting के रूप में if/whether का प्रयोग होता है। जैसे—

1. Direct : She said to me, "You know me, don't you?"

Indirect : She asked me if I knew her.

2. Direct : Prabha said to Shila, "You will help me, won't you?"

Indirect : Prabha asked Shila if she would help her.

*Interrogative (Typical)*

Example 1. "Will there be any more rain today?" said I.

"No", she replied.

Ans. I asked her if there would be any more rain that day. She replied in the negative.

OR I asked her if there would be any more rain that day. She replied that it would not.

Example 2. She said to Hari, "Can you give me your book?" Hari said, "Yes".

Ans. She asked Hari if he could give her his book. He replied in the positive.

OR She asked Hari if he could give her his book. He replied that he could.

पहचान—Direct Narration के ऐसे वाक्य हमेशा H.V. से ही आरम्भ होते हैं, अर्थात् Wh— से आरम्भ नहीं हो सकते हैं।

Rule : 1. प्रथम वाक्य में प्रायः object नहीं होता।

2. दूसरे वाक्य के Noun अथवा Pronoun को माने हुए (assumed) object से change करो और Indirect नियमानुसार बना दो।

3. दूसरे वाक्य के 'said' को 'replied' बना दो।

4. यदि inverted commas में "No" दे रखा हो तो या तो—

(i) "No" का in the negative कर दो;

अथवा (ii) प्रथम वाक्य के subject + H.V. + not को रखो।

5. यदि inverted commas में "Yes" दे रखा हो तो या तो—

(i) "Yes" का in the affirmative (positive) कर दो,

अथवा (ii) subject + H.V. कर दो।

III. IMPERATIVE वाक्यों को बदलना

( आज्ञा व प्रार्थना के वाक्य )

पहचान—ऐसे वाक्य निम्नलिखित में से किसी भी एक प्रकार से आरम्भ हो सकते हैं—

1. Verb की I Form से,

2. Do अथवा Do not से,

3. Please/Kindly से।

4. Let से

जैसे

He said, "Open the bag."

The teacher said, "Do not make a noise."

She said, "Do your work."

Rules : (1) बाहर said के स्थान पर आवश्यकतानुसार ordered, requested, advised, warned आदि शब्द लगा दो। यदि ज्ञात न हो सके तो said के स्थान पर asked लगा दो। यहाँ asked शब्द का अर्थ किसी काम को करने के लिए कहना होता है।

(2) Connective शब्द to का प्रयोग किया जाता है, यह हमेशा verb के पहले ही आता है। यदि verb के पहले to नहीं रखा अथवा अन्य कहीं रख दिया तो गलती होगी।

(3) `to` के बाद सदैव ही verb की first form अर्थात् Present Tense ही आयेगा, कभी भी Past Tense नहीं आयेगा।

ध्यान दें—Direct Narration के ऐसे वाक्य सदा ही Present Tense में होते हैं, Past Tense में नहीं होते हैं।

(A) Verb की I Form से आरम्भ होने पर :

1. Direct : The doctor said to the patient, "Take light food."

Indirect : The doctor advised the patient to take light food.

2. Direct : The captain said to the soldiers, "Attack the enemy in the morning."

Indirect : The captain ordered the soldiers to attack the enemy in the morning.

(B) Do अथवा Do not से आरम्भ होने पर :

Rules : (1) ‘Do’ यदि मुख्य verb है तो—

3. Direct : The teacher said to me, "Do your work."

Indirect : The teacher ordered me to do my work.

(2) यदि Direct Narration ‘Do not’ से आरम्भ हो तो Indirect Narration दो प्रकार से बन सकता है—

* पहला तरीका—(i) ‘Do’ हटा दो तथा (ii) ‘not’ के बाद ‘to’ लगा दो।

दूसरा तरीका—(a) बाहर (Reporting verb) said के स्थान पर forbade* (अर्थ = मना किया, निषेध किया) रख दो,

(b) ‘Do not’ को हटा दो,

(c) मुख्य verb के पहले ‘to’ लगा दो। जैसे—

4. Direct : He said, "Do not play in the sun."

Indirect : He forbade (me) to play in the sun.

Or : He advised (me) not to play in the sun.

5. Direct : The teacher said to the students, "Never waste your time."

Indirect : The teacher advised the students never to waste their time.

(C) ‘Please’ से आरम्भ होने पर

Rule : यदि Reported Clause का वाक्य ‘Please’ अथवा kindly से आरम्भ हो तो—

(i) बाहर (Reporting Verb) ‘said’ के स्थान पर ‘requested’ लगा दो।

(ii) Reported Clause से ‘please’ अथवा kindly हटा दो।

(iii) Connective ‘to’ आयेगा।

(iv) शेष नियम यथावत् हैं।

6. Direct : The stranger said to me, "Please tell me the way to the station."

Indirect : The stranger requested me to tell him the way to the station.

7. Direct : The student said to the teacher, "Kindly check my homework."

Indirect : The student requested the teacher to check his homework.

(D) ‘Let’ से आरम्भ होने वाले वाक्य

यदि Direct में वाक्य के आरम्भ में Let us हो तो इनके विशेष नियम हैं। ध्यान रहे कि Let आरम्भ में न आये, लेकिन वाक्य में और कहीं आये तो वह साधारण वाक्य है, Let के नियम लागू नहीं होंगे। Let us से आरम्भ होने वाले वाक्यों को Indirect में बदलने के लिए ये नियम ध्यान में रखें।

Reported Speech—Class 10

(2) Let हटा दो, that लगा दो।

(3) Reported Clause में verb सदैव Present Tense में होता है, Reported Clause में verb में कोई change मत करो लेकिन verb के पहले should अवश्य लगा दो।

(4) यदि Reported Clause में ‘us’ हो और Reporting Verb में I या me हो तो us को हटाकर we कर दो। यदि Reporting Verb में I या me आदि न हों तो us को हटाकर they कर दो।

Examples

1. Direct : I said to my friend, “Let’s go to some holy place.”

Indirect : I suggested to my friend that we should go to some holy place.

2. Direct : I said to Hari, “Let us go to a hotel.”

Indirect : I suggested to Hari that we should go to a hotel.

(B) ‘Let’ के साथ यदि us नहीं हो अर्थात् जब सामान्य verb हो जिसका अर्थ अनुमति (allow) हो–

1. Reporting Verb में said के स्थान पर आवश्यकतानुसार requested, asked, said या told कर दें।

2. Let को न हटाएँ।

3. Let के पहले to लगा दें। जैसे–

1. Direct : The beggar said, “Let me stay here.”

Indirect : The beggar requested to let him stay there.

2. Direct : He said to his friends, “Let me go home now.”

Indirect : He requested his friends to let him go home then.

OR

He suggested to his friends that he should go home then.

(C) Let का प्रयोग–to express a condition :

1. Direct : Geeta said, “Let it rain ever so hard, I must go to school.”

Indirect : Geeta said that however hard it might rain, she must go to school.

2. Direct : Puru said, “Let him try ever so hard, he will not succeed.”

Indirect : Puru said that however hard he might try, he would not succeed.

नियम : 1. Let को हटा दें।

2. ever so hard को however hard में बदलें।

3. subject के बाद might का प्रयोग करें।

4. conjunction ‘that’ का प्रयोग करें।

Two Sentences

Mixed Sentences ( मिश्रित वाक्य )

पहचान— एक ही Inverted commas में दो वाक्य दे दिये होते हैं।

1. Direct : She said to me, “I am in trouble. Will you help me?”

Indirect : She told me that she was in trouble and asked if I would help her.

2. Direct : The teacher said to you, “Do not make a noise. I shall punish you.”

Indirect : The teacher forbade you to make a noise and said that he would punish you.

IV. OPTATIVE SENTENCES

( प्रार्थना, आशीर्वाद, कामना आदि सम्बन्धी वाक्य )

अर्थ–प्रार्थना, इच्छा, कामना, आशीर्वाद आदि के वाक्य Optative वाक्य कहलाते हैं। ऐसे वाक्य जिनमें Reported Clause प्रायः may से आरम्भ होते हैं–

Rule :

1. ऐसे वाक्यों को Indirect में बदलते समय Reporting verb ‘said’ के स्थान पर इच्छा (wish), कामना या प्रार्थना (pray) प्रकट करने वाली verb ‘wished’, ‘prayed’, ‘cursed’ आदि का आवश्यकतानुसार प्रयोग किया जाता है।

2. Connective 'that' का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

3. May को इसके बाद आये God या अन्य Subject के बाद रखते हैं।

4. वाक्य में नियमानुसार Tense का परिवर्तन किया जाता है।

1. Direct : He said to me, “May God bless you!”

Indirect : He prayed (wished) that God might bless me.

2. Direct : I said to her, “May you live long!”

Indirect : I wished her that she might live long.

V. EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES

पहचान-ऐसे वाक्यों के अन्त में ! चिह्न होता है। ऐसे वाक्य प्रायः What, How, Hurrah ! Alas ! O ! Oh ! आदि शब्दों से आरम्भ होते हैं। इन्हें विस्मयबोधक वाक्य कहते हैं।

Rules :

नियम-(1) Reporting Verb में said के स्थान पर इन शब्दों में से आवश्यक शब्द लगाओ-

- exclaimed या

- exclaimed with surprise (यदि वाक्य What से आरम्भ हो)

- exclaimed with joy (यदि वाक्य में hurrah हो तो)

- exclaimed with sorrow (यदि वाक्य के आरम्भ में Alas या Oh हो)

(2) Inverted comma के स्थान पर ‘that’ का use करो।

(3) What, How आदि शब्दों को हटा दो।

(4) Person और Tense का परिवर्तन Assertive Sentence की तरह होता है।

(5) Exclamation Mark (!) की जगह Full stop (.) का प्रयोग होता है।

I Type

(6) यदि वाक्य के अन्त में कोई Noun हो तो उस Noun के पहले The लगाकर वाक्य आरम्भ करो।

(7) उसके बाद आवश्यकतानुसार was या were लगाओ।

(8) इसके बाद a या an हटा दो।

(9) was/were के बाद very या great लगाओ।

(10) इसके बाद शेष शब्द रख दो।

जैसे-Direct : Meena said, “What a beautiful house!”

Indirect : Meena exclaimed with surprise that the house was very beautiful.

Direct : He said, “What a dirty scene!”

Indirect : He exclaimed that the scene was very dirty.

II Type

( यदि वाक्य के अंत में H.V. हो।)

(11) Helping Verb जिसके लिए आया है, वहाँ से वाक्य चालू करो तथा H.V.—was या were आवश्यकतानुसार रखो।

(12) ऐसे वाक्यों के Indirect में a या an नहीं हटेगा।

(13) शेष नियम ऊपर की तरह हैं। जैसे-

1. Direct : He said, “How lucky I am!”

Indirect : He exclaimed that he was very lucky.

2. Direct : He said, “What a beautiful car he has purchased!”

Indirect : He exclaimed that he had purchased a very beautiful car.

III Type

( Hurrah ! Alas ! O ! Oh God ! आदि से प्रारम्भ होने वाले )

Rule 1. Reporting Verb में said के स्थान पर आवश्यकतानुसार exclaimed with joy/sorrow/surprise लगा दो।

Reported Speech—Class 10

2. Connective 'that' लगेगा।

3. Reported Clause से Hurrah ! Alas ! O ! Oh God ! हटा दो। अब वाक्य साधारण हो गया।

अतः साधारण वाक्य के नियम लागू होंगे। जैसे-

1. Direct : "Alas ! He is no more", exclaimed she.

Indirect : She exclaimed with sorrow that he was no more.

2. Direct : She said to him "Bravo ! You have done well."

Indirect : She applauded him saying that he had done well.

Note : यदि Reported Clause में 'Bravo' हो तो Reporting verb के said to को applauded में बदलते हैं व Inverted comma के स्थान पर 'Saying that' का use करते हैं व 'Bravo' को हटा देते हैं।

<div style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; text-align: center;">

<b>IV. Special Type</b><br>

<b>(i) on phone (ii) on mobile</b>

</div>

<div style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; text-align: center; margin-top: 5px;">

<b>(i) on phone</b>

</div>

Rule : 1. यदि Reporting verb में ब्रेकिट में (on phone) दिया हो तो Indirect बनाते समय इसे आवश्यकतानुसार told अथवा asked अथवा requested............... (him, Sita आदि) के तुरन्त बाद on phone कर दो।

Rule : 2. शेष नियम यथावत् हैं।

1. Direct : Harish (on phone) : "Can you log on to www.mailcity.com for my result, Sudha?"

Indirect : Harish asked Sudha on phone if she could log on to www.mailcity.com for his result.

स्पष्टीकरण : 1. प्रश्नवाचक है, इसलिए Reporting Verb में asked किया।

2. Reported Clause (i) वाक्य के लगभग अंत में Comma है, (ii) Comma के तुरन्त बाद कोई Noun (Sudha) है, तथा (iii) वाक्य समाप्त है इसलिए asked के बाद 'Sudha' लगाया।

3. अब on phone लिखा।

4. Connective 'if' लगाया।

5. शेष भाग नियमानुसार किया।

Examples :

1. Direct : Sita (on phone) to Ram, "You will help me when I am in trouble."

Indirect : Sita told Ram on phone that he would help her when she was in trouble.

2. Direct : The captain (on phone) said to the soldiers, "Attack the enemy early in the morning."

Indirect : The captain ordered the soldiers on phone to attack the enemy in the morning.

3. Direct : Seema said to me on phone, "Please attend my birthday party."

Indirect : Seema requested me on phone to attend her birthday party.

<div style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; text-align: center; margin-top: 5px;">

<b>(ii) on mobile</b>

</div>

Rule : यदि Reporting Verb में ब्रेकिट में (on mobile) दिया हो तो indirect बनाते समय-

(1) Using her mobile से Ans. आरम्भ करो, (2) Comma लगाओ, (3) he/she said/asked आदि लिखो।

Rule : शेष नियम यथावत् हैं।

1. Direct : Sudha (on mobile) : "Yes, you will have to wait for half an hour."

Indirect : Using her mobile, Sudha replied in the affirmative and said that he would have to wait for half an hour.

2. Direct : Sharda (on mobile) : "No, I cannot attend your party."

Indirect : Using her mobile, Sharda replied in the negative and said that she could not attend her party.

<div align="center">

**HOW TO REPORT A DIALOGUE**

</div>

संवाद (Dialogue) दो व्यक्तियों के बीच का वार्तालाप है। अभिव्यक्त वाक्यों के बीच आंतरिक सम्बन्ध होता है। इसीलिए संपूर्ण संवाद की दी गई परिस्थितियों को ध्यान में रखकर ही वाक्यों को Indirect Speech में परिवर्तित किया जाता है।

Conversion of Dialogues into Indirect Speech

( संवाद को Indirect Speech में परिवर्तन करना )

1. Conversion of Statements/Assertive Sentences

Examples :

(a) Father : I am buying a new house, son.

Son : You are right.

Ans. Father told his son that he was buying a new house.

The son said that he (father) was right.

(b) Daughter : We do not waste time, mother.

Mother : It is good for you.

Ans. Daughter told her mother that they did not waste time.

Mother said that it was good for her.

2. Conversion of Questions/Interrogative Sentences

Examples :

(a) Salony : What are you doing these days, Soni?

Soni : I am revising my lessons.

Ans. Salony asked Soni what she was doing those days.

Soni replied that she was revising her lessons.

(b) Seema : Paro, will you have lunch with me tomorrow?

Paro : Thank you, I will.

Ans. Seema asked Paro if she would have lunch with her the next day.

Paro thanked her (Seema) and said that she would.

3. Conversion of Imperative Sentences

Examples :

(a) Gardener : Don't pluck flowers, children.

Children : O.K. Sir, we won't.

Ans. The gardener forbade the children to pluck flowers.

The children replied in affirmation and said that they wouldn't.

(b) Teacher : Students, work hard.

Students : Thank you. We will.

Ans. The teacher advised the students to work hard.

The students thanked him and said that they would.

4. Conversion of Exclamatory Sentences

Examples :

(a) Captain : Hurrah! We have won the championship.

Coach : The nation is proud of you.

Ans. The captain exclaimed with joy that they had won the championship.

The coach said that the nation was proud of them.

(b) Hari : What a huge tree it is!

Ram : Yes, it is.

Reported Speech—Class 10

Ans: Hari exclaimed with surprise that it was a very huge tree.

Ram agreed and said that it was.

(c) Student : Alas! I have got failed.

Teacher : Have courage and try again.

Ans: The student exclaimed with grief that he had got failed.

The teacher advised him to have courage and try again.

5. Conversion of Optative Sentences

Examples :

(a) Teacher : May you live long!

Student : Thank you, Sir.

Ans: The teacher blessed the student that he might live long.

The student respectfully thanked the teacher.

Points to Remember

1. Direct Speech में दिए गए वाक्यों के प्रकारों को पहचानें–Statement, Question, Imperative, Exclamatory व Optative.

2. प्रायः Answers में Reporting Verb/Clause को तो Indirect Speech में परिवर्तित कर पहले ही दिया होता है। अतः आपको तो केवल Reported Clause का Conjunction (अगर उत्तर में पहले से ही नहीं दिया हुआ हो तो) वाक्य के प्रकार के अनुसार नियमानुसार लगाना है तथा Reported Clause के Tense, Pronouns तथा स्थान व समय वाले शब्दों में नियमानुसार परिवर्तन करना है।

3. Direct Speech के दोनों speakers के वाक्य अलग-अलग प्रकार के हो सकते/होते हैं। आप इन वाक्यों के प्रकारों के अनुसार ही नियमों का प्रयोग कर इन्हें Indirect Speech में change करें।

PRACTICE EXERCISES

Exercise : 1

Rewrite the following sentences changing them into Indirect Speech :

A. (i) The teacher said to the students, "The earth moves round the sun."

(Sec. Board Exam., 2026)

B. (i) The manager said to the employee, "Why have you not submitted the report yet?"

(Board Model Paper, 2025-26)

C. (i) My mother said to me, "Take care of your health." (Sec. Board Exam., 2025)

(ii) Sanjay said to Achu, "Why do you work so hard?"

(Sec. Board Exam., 2025)

D. (i) Shlok said to Yatharth, "Let's play chess." (Board Model Paper, 2024-25)

(ii) Lavisha said to Bhojraj, "Do you read this book today?"

(Board Model Paper, 2024-25)

E. (i) The teacher said to the students "You are good students."

(Sec. Board Exam., 2024)

(ii) He said to me, "Did you read newspaper before going to school?"

(Sec. Board Exam., 2024)

F. (i) Yatharth said to Somanshi, "Why do you disturb him?"

(Board Model Paper, 2023-24)

(ii) Mother said to me, "Don't play in dust." (Board Model Paper, 2023-24)

G. (i) He said to me, "Please give me your pen." (Sec. Board Exam., 2023)

(ii) He said to me, "Where are you going?" (Sec. Board Exam., 2023)

(iii) Archi said to me, "I respect you." (Board Model paper, 2022-23)

(iv) Sid said to me, "Do you learn English?" (Board Model paper, 2022-23)

H. (i) Naresh said to me, "I don't believe you." (Sec. Board Exam., 2022)

(ii) My friend said to me, "Did you see the snake?" (Sec. Board Exam., 2022)

(iii) My friend said to me, "Do you live in this house?"

(Board Model Paper, 2021-22)

(iv) He said to me, "Please bring me a glass of water."

(Board Model Paper, 2021-22)

I. (i) Ram said, "Did you like the movie?"

Ram asked.......................................................

(ii) They said, "Hurrah! we have won the match."

They exclaimed.......................................................

(iii) "Shoot the prisoner," said the officer.

The officer commanded.......................................................

(iv) She said to the teacher, "Please explain this question to me."

She requested.......................................................

J. (i) Nisha said to her sister, "I have something to show you."

Nisha told .......................................................

(ii) The doctor said to the patient, "Take these tablets everyday before you go to bed."

The doctor advised .......................................................

(iii) Mr. Rajora said to his wife, "Why don't you sleep early?"

Mr. Rajora asked.......................................................

(iv) The poor beggar said, "Give me something to eat."

The poor beggar begged.......................................................

K. (i) The principal said to the teacher, "How many students are there in your class?"

The principal asked .......................................................

(ii) My friend said to me, "I have bought a new book for you."

My friend told, .......................................................

(iii) The old woman said to me, "Please help me."

The old woman requested me .......................................................

(iv) I said to him, "I have a message for you."

I told him.......................................................

Exercise : 2

Rewrite the following sentences changing them into Indirect Speech :

1. You cannot just sit back and say, "I will follow the rest of the people and seek success and position."

2. He said very loudly, "We are going to admit even elders in our cricket club hereafter."

3. Swami said, "I think he must have been a very strong and grown-up person, not at all a boy."

4. Father sneered, "Do you think you are wiser than the newspaper?"

5. Swami said, "How can it be, father?"

6. Father said to Swami, "Courage is everything, strength and age are not important."

7. Father said to me, "Leave alone strength."

8. Father said to me, "Can you prove you have courage?"

9. Father said to me, "Let me see if you can sleep alone tonight in my office room."

10. She said to me, "Why do you look at me while you say it?"

Exercise : 3

Rewrite the following sentences changing them into Indirect Speech :

1. Granny said to the boys, "Are you already feeling sleepy?"

Reported Speech—Class 10

2. Father said to Swami, "Get up".

3. Granny said to me, "Don't cover your face".

4. Swami said to me, "Are you really very sleepy?"

5. Granny said to me, "Shut up".

6. Swami said to Granny, "Please don't talk to me and don't let anyone call me even if the house is on fire."

7. Granny pleaded Swami, "Why do you disturb him?"

8. Swami pleaded father, "Let me sleep in the hall."

9. Swami said to father, "Your office room is very dusty and there may be scorpions behind your law books."

10. Father said to Swami, "Can I have a lamp burning in the room?"

Exercise : 4

Rewrite the following sentences changing them into Indirect Speech :

1. Father said to Swami, "Will you leave the door open?"

2. The inspector said to Swami, "Why don't you join the police when you are grown up?"

3. The teacher said to the boys, "Pen is mightier than the sword."

4. The moralist said to us, "Can't we think of a suitable device for expressing our protest without causing inconvenience to others and loss to the nation?"

5. Mahatma Gandhi said to the protesters, "All these minor issues are of major significance."

6. He called his servant and said, "All the guests have not yet been fed."

7. So he went nearer and said quietly, "I am the one whom you helped greatly many years ago."

8. The stranger said to the landlord, "It was very kind of you to feed me when I came to your house uninvited."

9. The stranger said to him, "I have many sons and grandsons."

10. Babuli said to us, "She has even reminded me of those pre-marriage days of mine."

Exercise : 5

(Question Bank)

Rewrite the following sentences changing them into Indirect Speech :

1. Kanhaiya said, "I am going to see my father tomorrow."

2. Our lecturer said to me, "Have you prepared well for your examination?"

3. Mother said to father, "Can you spare some time for me?"

4. The old lady said to us, "Go away from here immediately."

5. We said to him, "You were wandering here at night."

6. He said to me, "Whose book did you borrow last night?"

7. He said to me, "You did not take lunch with me today."

8. Uncle said to Sonu, "May you pass with very good marks!"

9. The maid-servant said, "Alas! I have lost my bag."

10. Father said to his daughter, "We should not tell a lie."

11. Reeta said to Veena, "Where will Mohan go tomorrow?"

12. He said to them, "Why did you laugh at me?"

13. The guide said to the visitors, "Don't drive so fast."

14. Mohan said to Ram, "Please don't tease me."

15. I said to Rama Kant, "He plays cricket in the morning."

16. Mahesh said to Suresh, "When will you return my money?"

17. The teacher said to the students, "Where did you go yesterday."

18. I said to my teacher, "Please give me a book of History."

19. Mother said to her sister, "I have finished my work."

20. Johnson said to Howard, "I am going to New York next month."

21. I said to her, "Is your money safe in the bank?"

22. The physician said to him, "You may have to stay in hospital for one month."

23. They said to their cook, "Prepare the breakfast early today."

24. Mother said to her daughter, "You should not forget your jewellery."

25. They said to me, "The Earth moves round the Sun."

26. My brother said to me, "Do you have any problem?"

Exercise : 6

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

1. I said, "You look a bit of a wrestler yourself."

2. Anil said to me, "Can you cook?"

3. I said to Anil, "I want to work for you."

4. Anil said to me, "I made some money yesterday."

5. Ram Lal cried and said to me, "Are you crazy?"

6. Ram Lal said to Bholi, "Come with me. I will take you to school."

7. She said, "I want to know what you have been doing to my chair upstairs."

8. Her mother said to her, "Why should you cry?"

9. She said to her son, "Why do you ask this?"

10. He said, "Do not worry, my son."

11. Uttanka said, "Let the Serpent king return the ear-rings."

12. I said to Rashida, "There is no string for your kite."

Exercise : 7

Change the following sentences into indirect speech.

1. He said, "What a beautiful picture this is !"

2. She said, "O God ! My son ran away at night."

3. "Oh dear ! I have lost my purse", he said.

4. They said, "Alas ! Our leader is dead."

5. The players said, "Hurray ! We have won the match."

6. She said, "Let us invite some guests to our son`s birthday."

7. He said, "Let the guests come in."

8. The teacher said, "May God help you in your life."

9. Lord Buddha said to the Bhikshus, "Rely on yourselves."

10. "Stars shine during the night only," he explained.

11. The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east and sets in the west."

12. Madam said, "Girls, have you taken down my notes ?"

13. He said to the teacher, "Did you find time to check my answers ?"

14. Mohan said, "When will the night bus for Jaipur leave ?"

15. The teacher said, "When the rains fail, there is famine."

16. The teacher said, "Stop making noise in my class otherwise I shall punish you."

17. My father said, "Always respect your elders."

18. She said, "Never tell a lie before me."

19. Seema (on phone) : "Can you lend me your book for a day, Raju ?"

20. Babita (on phone) to Rakesh, "I shall not attend your birthday party."

Reported Speech—Class 10

21. Meena (on phone) to Hari, "Do you like to play chess with me?"

22. Rekha (on phone) : "Don't come to my house today in the evening, Gopal."

23. Monika (on phone) : "Please help me."

24. Laxmi (on phone) : "Bring a costly sari for me."

25. Sudha (on mobile) to Rajesh : "Your mother is coming today with my brother."

Exercise : 8

Rewrite the following sentences changing them into indirect speech :

A. (i) The teacher said "Two and two make four".

The teacher said...............................................................................

(ii) He said to me "What do you want from me?"

He asked me...............................................................................

B. (i) The young seagull said, "I am too young to fly".

The young seagull said...............................................................................

(ii) Santosh said to me, "Will you bring me a gift?"

Santosh asked me...............................................................................

(iii) The doctor said to the lady, "Take the medicines daily".

The doctor advised the lady...............................................................................

(iv) Vivek said to Ajay, "Where do you live?"

Vivek asked Ajay...............................................................................

C. (i) Gopal said to the bookseller, "Please provide me some new books."

Gopal requested the bookseller............................................................................... .

(ii) The bookseller asked Gopal, "Which book do you want?"

The bookseller asked Gopal............................................................................... .

(iii) Gopal said, "I want some English Grammar books."

Gopal said............................................................................... .

(iv) The bookseller said, "I have got a lot of new books."

The bookseller replied............................................................................... .

D. (i) Rita said to Amar, "Have you seen my diary?"

Rita asked Amar............................................................................... .

(ii) Amar said, "Is it the one with a brown cover?"

Amar asked her............................................................................... .

(iii) Rita said to Amar, "Oh yes, brother !"

Rita............................................................................... .

(iv) Amar said to Rita, "I saw it lying on the new shelf in our drawing room".

Amar told Rita that............................................................................... .

Exercise : 9

Rewrite the following sentences by changing them from direct to indirect speech.

1. Mother : Don't go near the fire, children.

Children : O.K. Mama, we won't.

The mother warned the children............................................................................... .

The children replied in affirmation............................................................................... .

2. Ram : I plan to leave for the USA next week.

Raghav : Please bring a laptop for me.

Ram said that............................................................................... .

Raghav requested Ram............................................................................... .

3. Radha : Where are you going?

Rekha : I am going to buy some green vegetables.

Radha asked Rekha.................................. .

Rekha replied that.................................. .

4. Teacher : Students, don't make a noise in the class.

Students : Sir, shall we learn the spelling?

Teacher forbade the students.................................. .

Students asked the teacher respectfully if.................................. .

5. Ramesh : Ravi, what are you doing these days?

Ravi : Ramesh, I am working in a glass factory.

Ramesh asked Ravi.................................. .

Ravi replied.................................. .

Exercise : 10

Rewrite the following sentences by changing them from direct to indirect speech :

A. (i) The teacher said to the student, "Have you done your homework?"

The teacher asked the student.................................. .

(ii) The student said, "Yes, madam."

The student respectfully replied.................................. .

(iii) The teacher said to the student, "Show me now."

The teacher ordered the student.................................. .

(iv) The student said to the teacher, "My one question is incomplete."

The student told the teacher.................................. .

B. (i) The leader said to the voters, "Vote for me, please."

The leader requested the voters.................................. .

(ii) The voters said to him, "Why should we vote for you?"

The voters asked him.................................. .

(iii) The leader said, "I'll work for your upliftment."

The leader replied.................................. .

(iv) The voters said, "Yes, we'll vote for you."

The voters.................................. .

C. (i) Father said to his daughter, "Has your friend ever been the winner?"

Father asked his daughter.................................. .

(ii) The daughter said, "Oh yes, father!"

The daughter.................................. .

(iii) Father further said to his daughter, "What did you learn?"

Father further asked his daughter.................................. .

(iv) The daughter said, "I learnt that diligence bears fruits."

The daughter replied.................................. .

Exercise : 11

Rewrite the following sentences by transforming them from direct to indirect speech :

(i) Ram : Where is your residence in Rajasthan?

Shyam : It is in Jaipur.

Ram asked .................................. .

Shyam replied .................................. .

(ii) Neetu : Will you come to my office tomorrow?

Reported Speech—Class 10

<br>

Reetu : Thank you. I will.

Neetu asked Reetu ....................................

Reetu thanked .......................................

(iii) Arti : What were you doing, Arpita ?

Arpita : I was learning my lessons.

: Arti asked Arpita ................................

Arpita replied .......................................

(iv) Govind : What are your future plans ?

Gopal : I haven't yet planned.

Govind asked Gopal ..................................

Gopal replied .........................................

(v) Rani : When do you revise your lessons ?

Reshu : I revise my lessons in February.

Rani asked Reshu ....................................

Reshu replied .........................................

(vi) Anjana : Why don't you do exercises ?

Sanjana : I am a bit lazy.

Anjana asked Sanjana ................................

Sanjana replied .......................................

(vii) Brother : How do you obtain best marks ?

Sister : I work hard.

The brother asked his sister ........................

The sister replied ...................................

(viii) Hari : Papa, are we going to attend Ramesh uncle's marriage ?

Papa : Yes, dear.

Hari asked his Papa ....................................

Papa affectionately replied ...........................

(ix) Lady to Judge : This man is responsible for the accident.

Man : No, me lord. This lady doesn't know car-driving.

The lady told the judge that ..............................................................

The man denied and told the judge respectfully ....................................

(x) Alan : Are you not going to Exhibition, Helan ?

Helan : No, I don't want to go.

Alan asked Helan ....................................

Helan replied .........................................

<center><b>ANSWERS</b></center>

Answers to Exercise : 1

A. (i) The teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun.

B. (i) The manager asked the employee why he/she had not submitted the report yet.

C. (i) My mother advised me to take care of my health.

(ii) Sanjay asked Achu why she worked so hard.

D. (i) Shlok suggested to Yatharth that they should play chess.

(ii) Lavisha asked Bhojraj if he read that book that day.

E. (i) The teacher told the students that they were good students.

(ii) He asked me if I had read newspaper before going to school.

F. (i) Yatharth asked Somanshi why she disturbed him.

(ii) Mother forbade me to play in dust.

G. (i) He requested me to give him my pen.

(ii) He asked me where I was going.

(iii) Archi told me that she respected me.

(iv) Sid asked me if/whether I learnt English.

H. (i) Naresh told me that he didn't believe me.

(ii) My friend asked me if I had seen the snake.

(iii) My friend asked me if/whether I lived in that house.

(iv) He requested me to bring him a glass of water.

I. (i) Ram asked if he/she had liked the movie.

(ii) They exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

(iii) The officer commanded to shoot the prisoner.

(iv) She requested the teacher to explain that question to her.

J. (i) Nisha told her sister that she had something to show her.

(ii) The doctor advised the patient to take those tablets everyday before he went to bed.

(iii) Mr. Rajora asked his wife why she didn't sleep early.

(iv) The poor beggar begged to give him something to eat.

K. (i) The principal asked the teacher how many students there were in her/his class.

(ii) My friend told me that he had bought a new book for me.

(iii) The old woman requested me to help her.

(iv) I told him that I had a message for him.

Answers to Exercise : 2

1. You cannot just sit back and say that you will follow the rest of the people and seek success and position.

2. He said very loudly that they were going to admit even elders in their cricket club thereafter.

3. Swami said that he thought he must have been a very strong and grown-up person, not at all a boy.

4. Father asked me sneeringly if I thought I was wiser than the newspaper.

5. Swami asked his father how that could be.

6. Father told Swami that courage is everything, strength and age are not important.

7. Father asked me to leave alone strength.

8. Father asked me if I could prove I had courage.

9. Father proposed me to let him see if I could sleep alone that night in his office room.

10. She asked me why I looked at her while I said that.

Answers to Exercise : 3

1. Granny asked the boys if they were already feeling sleepy.

2. Father asked Swami to get up.

3. Granny forbade me to cover my face.

4. Swami asked me if I was really very sleepy.

5. Granny asked me to shut up.

6. Swami requested Granny not to talk to him and not to let anyone call him even if the house was on fire.

7. Granny asked Swami emotionally why he disturbed him.

8. Swami requested father to let him sleep in the hall.

9. Swami told father that his office room was very dusty and there might be scorpions behind his law books.

10. Father asked Swami if he could have a lamp burning in the room.

Reported Speech—Class 10

Answers to Exercise : 4

1. Father asked Swami if he would leave the door open.

2. The inspector asked Swami why he did not join the police when he was grown up.

3. The teacher told the boys that pen is mightier than the sword.

4. The moralist asked us if we couldn't think of a suitable device for expressing our protest without causing inconvenience to others and loss to the nation.

5. Mahatma Gandhi told the protesters that all those minor issues were of major significance.

6. He called his servant and told him that all the guests had not yet been fed.

7. So he went nearer and told quietly that he was the one whom he had helped greatly many years before.

8. The stranger told the landlord that that was very kind of him to feed him when he had gone to his house uninvited.

9. The stranger told him that he had many sons and grandsons.

10. Babuli told us that she had even reminded him of those pre-marriage days of his.

Answers to Exercise : 5

1. Kanhaiya said that he was going to see his father the following day.

2. Our lecturer asked me if I had prepared well for my examination.

3. Mother asked father if he could spare some time for her.

4. The old lady ordered us to go away from there immediately.

5. We told him that he had been wandering there at night.

6. He asked me whose book I had borrowed the previous night.

7. He told me that I had not taken lunch with him that day.

8. Uncle wished Sonu that he might pass with very good marks.

9. The maid-servant exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost her bag.

10. Father told his daughter that they should not tell a lie.

11. Reeta asked Veena where Mohan would go the following day.

12. He asked them why they had laughed at him.

13. The guide advised the visitors not be drive so fast.

14. Mohan requested Ram not to tease him.

15. I told Ramakant that he played cricket in the morning.

16. Mahesh asked Suresh when he would returen his money.

17. The teacher asked the students where they had gone the previous day.

18. I requested my teacher to give me a book of History.

19. Mother told her sister that she had finished her work.

20. Johnson told Howard that he was going to New York the following month.

21. I asked her if her money was safe in the bank.

22. The physician told him that he might have to stay in hospital for one month.

23. They ordered their cook to prepare the breakfast early that day.

24. Mother told her daughter that she should not forget her jewellery.

25. They told me that the Earth moves round the Sun.

26. My brother asked me if I had any problem.

Answers to Exercise : 6

1. I said that he looked a bit of a wrestler himself.

2. Anil asked me if I could cook.

3. I told Anil that I wanted to work for him.

--- | --- |

4. Anil told me that he had made some money the previous day.

5. Ram Lal cried and asked me if I was crazy.

6. Ram Lal proposed Bholi to go with him and added that he would take her to school.

7. She told (me) that she wanted to know what I had been doing to her chair upstairs.

8. Her mother asked her why she should cry.

9. She asked her son why he asked that.

10. He asked his son not to worry.

11. Uttanka suggested that the Serpent king should return the car-rings.

12. I told Rashida that there was no string for her kite.

Answers to Exercise : 7

1. He exclaimed with surprise that that picture was very beautiful. 2. She exclaimed with sorrow that her son had run away at night. 3. He exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his purse. 4. They exclaimed with sorrow that their leader was dead. 5. The players exclaimed with joy that they had won the match. 6. She suggested that they should invite some guests to their son's birthday. 7. He suggested to let the guests come in. 8. The teacher blessed (wished) (the students) that God might help them in their life. 9. Lord Buddha advised the Bhikshus to rely on themselves. 10. He explained that stars shine during the night only. (Note : यह Universal Truth है, इसलिए अंदर Verb को Change नहीं किया) 11. The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 12. Madam asked the girls if they had taken down her notes. 13. He asked the teacher if he had found time to check his answers. 14. Mohan asked when the night bus for Jaipur would leave. 15. The teacher said when the rains fail, there is famine. 16. The teacher ordered (you) to stop making noise in his class otherwise he would punish you. 17. My father advised me always to respect my elders. (Note : 'to' हमेशा मुख्य Verb के पहले ही आता है, 'always' Verb नहीं है, 'respect'—Verb है।) 18. She asked (you) never to tell a lie before her. 19. Seema asked Raju on phone if he could lend her his book for a day. 20. Babita told Rakesh on phone that she would not attend his birthday party. 21. Meena asked Hari on phone if he liked to play chess with her. 22. Rekha asked Gopal on phone not to go to her house that day in the evening. 23. Monika requested (you) on phone to help her. 24. Laxmi asked (you) on phone to bring a costly sari for her. 25. Using her mobile Sudha told Rajesh that his mother was coming that day with her brother.

Answers to Exercise : 8

A. (i) The teacher said that two and two make four.

(ii) He asked me what I wanted from him.

B. (i) The young seagull said that he was too young to fly.

(ii) Santosh asked me if I would bring her/him a gift.

(iii) The doctor advised the lady to take the medicines daily.

(iv) Vivek asked Ajay where he lived.

C. (i) Gopal requested the bookseller to provide him some new books.

(ii) The bookseller asked Gopal which book he wanted.

(iii) Gopal said that he wanted some English Grammar books.

(iv) The bookseller replied that he had got a lot of new books.

D. (i) Rita asked Amar if he had seen her diary.

(ii) Amar asked her if it was the one with a brown cover.

(iii) Rita asserted with surprise positively.

(iv) Amar told Rita that he had seen it lying on the new shelf in their drawing room.

Reported Speech—Class 10

Answers to Exercise : 9

1. The mother warned the children not to go near the fire.

OR

The mother warned the children against going near the fire.

The children replied in affirmation and said that they wouldn't.

2. Ram said that he planned to leave for the USA the following week.

Raghav requested Ram to bring a laptop for him.

3. Radha asked Rekha where she was going.

Rekha replied that she was going to buy some vegetables.

4. Teacher forbade the students to make a noise in the class.

Students asked the teacher respectfully if they should learn the spelling.

5. Ramesh asked Ravi what he was doing those days.

Ravi replied that he was working in a glass factory.

Answers to Exercise : 10

A. (i) The teacher asked the student if she/he had done her/his homework.

(ii) The student respectfully replied in the affirmative.

(iii) The teacher ordered the student to show her/him then.

(iv) The student told the teacher that her/his one question was incomplete.

B. (i) The leader requested the voters to vote for him.

(ii) The voters asked him why they should vote for him.

(iii) The leader replied that he would work for their upliftment.

(iv) The voters agreed and said that they would vote for him.

C. (i) Father asked his daughter if her friend had ever been the winner.

(ii) The daughter asserted with delight.

(iii) Father further asked his daughter what she had learnt.

(iv) The daughter replied that she had learnt that diligence bears fruits.

Answers to Exercise : 11

(i) Ram asked Shyam where his residence was in Rajasthan.

Shyam replied that it was in Jaipur.

(ii) Neetu asked Reetu if she would go to her office the next day.

Reetu thanked her and said that she would.

(iii) Arti asked Arpita what she was doing.

Arpita replied that she had been learning her lessons.

(iv) Govind asked Gopal what his future plans were.

Gopal replied that he hadn't yet planned.

(v) Rani asked Reshu when she revised her lessons.

Reshu replied that she revised her lessons in February.

(vi) Anjana asked Sanjana why she didn't do exercises.

Sanjana replied that she was a bit lazy.

(vii) The brother asked his sister how she obtained best marks.

The sister replied that she worked hard.

(viii) Hari asked his Papa if they were going to attend Ramesh uncle's marriage.

Papa affectionately replied in the affirmative.

(ix) The lady told the judge that that man was responsible for the accident.

The man denied and told the judge respectfully that that lady didn't know car-driving.

(x) Alan asked Helan if she was not going to Exhibition.

Helan replied in the negative and added that she didn't want to go.