पाठ 31: Unseen Passages (अपठित गद्यांश)

PRACTICE EXERCISE : 4

1. He jumped ...................... the river. (at/into/in)
2. Please pay attention ...................... your studies. (in/for/to)
3. I am also a candidate ...................... the test. (for/in/on)
4. What is the cause ...................... your worry? (for/of/at)
5. There is a complaint ...................... you. (about/at/against)
6. He is not afraid ...................... dogs. (at/of/on)
7. He is fond ...................... sweets. (of/in/from)
8. Hard work is the key ...................... success. (for/at/to)
9. We have bought this bat ...................... five hundred rupees. (at/for/in)
10. You should be ashamed ...................... your misdeeds. (of/in/to)

ANSWERS

Answers to Practice Exercise : 1

1. (A) on 2. (A) to 3. (A) after 4. (B) for 5. (B) for 6. (B) about 7. (C) with 8. (C) on 9. (C) in 10. (A) into.

Answers to Practice Exercise : 2

1. at 2. upon 3. for 4. from 5. among 6. between 7. of 8. out 9. in 10. for.

Answers to Practice Exercise : 3

1. in 2. by 3. since 4. at 5. in 6. from 7. on 8. into 9. along 10. in

Answers to Practice Exercise : 4

1. into 2. to 3. for 4. of 5. against 6. of 7. of 8. to 9. for 10. of.

READING

UNSEEN PASSAGES

Unseen Passages–Type-I (Multiple Choice Questions)

Unseen Passages–Type-II (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

नवीनतम पाठ्यक्रमनुसार परीक्षा में दो प्रकार के Unseen Passages पूछे जाते हैं।

Type-I—प्रथम प्रकार के Unseen Passage में Passage देकर 10 Multiple Choice Questions पूछे जाते हैं। इनमें 2 प्रश्न Vocabulary पर आधारित होते हैं।

Type-II—द्वितीय प्रकार के Unseen Passage में Passage देकर 10 Very Short Answer Type Questions पूछे जाते हैं। इनमें Comprehension Questions के साथ-साथ Lexical Items पर भी प्रश्न पूछे जा सकते हैं।

Unseen Passages को हल करने हेतु ध्यातव्य बिन्दु –

1. Passage को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िये, यदि बहुत आवश्यक हो तो दो बार पढ़िये।

2. आपके Answers–दिए गये Passage के ही आधार पर होने चाहिए। कोई अनावश्यक बात न लिखें।

3. Multiple Choice Questions के Answers उत्तर-पुस्तिका में तालिका बनाकर देवें।

4. Very Short Answer Type Questions के उत्तर उसी Tense में लिखिए, जिसमें वह पूछा गया है।

5. Answers संक्षिप्त हों तथा Correct English में हों।

6. Passage के उन भागों को पेंसिल से रेखांकित कर लें जो किसी Question के उत्तर हो सकते हैं।

7. Practice (अभ्यास) अत्यन्त आवश्यक है, अतः यहाँ अनेक Passages दिए गये हैं, उन्हें हल कीजिये।

Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow :

Unseen Passages : Type-I

Passage : 1

Some people think that the aim of education is merely to give knowledge. These people want students to read books, and do nothing else but add to their knowledge. Others believe that knowledge alone is not enough; only that which enables a man to earn his living can be called education. Such people think that bread is more important than anything else. Still others believe that education should aim solely at making good citizens and good patriots. All these people see only one of the several purposes of education. As a matter of fact, education should aim at all these three things

together. It should give men knowledge, make them self-reliant and able to serve others. Education should not produce citizens who, while they love their own freedom, take away the freedom of others. It should produce men who love their own country but who do not want to harm other countries.

Questions :

Select the appropriate option—

1. Education should not produce citizens who—
   (a) serve people in suffering
   (b) take away the freedom of others
   (c) have love for their land
   (d) earn bread for their families

2. People who think bread is important than everything else want people—
   (a) to earn his living
   (b) to learn about agriculture
   (c) efficient in business
   (d) to learn cooking food

3. What is the second important thing indicated about education—
   (a) reading books
   (b) add something to their knowledge all time
   (c) make people self-reliant
   (d) enable people to take others freedom

4. Those people who love their own country should—
   (a) join army
   (b) learn the art of war
   (c) be strong to face the rivers
   (d) not harm other countries

5. Education should merely give knowledge is the opinion of the people who want—
   (a) students to read books
   (b) write books of moral values
   (c) students to attend schools and colleges
   (d) people to learn how to read books

6. The writer concludes the aim of education in—
   (a) four things together
   (b) three things together
   (c) one point only
   (d) learning science and invent new things

7. Self reliance comes in a man when a man—

   (a) educates others
   (b) gains knowledge
   (c) reads books
   (d) loves other people

8. The aim of education as told in the opening line is—
   (a) merely to give knowledge
   (b) to read books
   (c) to understand others
   (d) love your country

9. Write the similar word of 'nationalist' from the below given options—
   (a) citizens
   (b) reliant
   (c) patriots
   (d) serve

10. Write the opposite word of 'slavery' from the below given options—
    (a) freedom
    (b) reliant
    (c) knowledge
    (d) several

Passage : 2

It is not always easy in company to speak frankly and if you don't want to be considered a bad-mannered person, you have to watch constantly for signs. It is not easy, for example, to listen for long to any person. Try in company to take only a fair share of the conversation. If there are two of you, take half of it. When you have said a little, keep quiet, and give your friend a chance to say something. If he does not talk, he probably does not want you to talk either. Many a young man or woman talks away, thinking the company is delighted to hear him or her and everyone is really exhausted and angry. Don't think you can say unpleasant things about someone behind his back and not be found out. It is surprising how the remarks usually find their way to the person with your name attached, so to speak. Whatever you say, always assume, that the person may overhear and modify your remarks accordingly. All experienced people act in this way.

Questions :

1. It is always—
   (a) good to talk
   (b) difficult to listen for long to any person
   (c) easy to listen any person for long
   (d) senseless to listen one man

2. Speaker thinks that the other one is delighted to hear him but the reality is—
   (a) other is angry and exhausted

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(b) other one is learning from you
(c) other one is enjoying you
(d) other one learns art of expression

3. What is not easy in company?
   (a) to watch constantly for signs
   (b) to speak frankly
   (c) to give remarks
   (d) to modify the conversation

4. One should only take—
   (a) a fare share of the conversation
   (b) whole share of the conversation
   (c) a chance to walk away
   (d) a chance to talk behind someone's back

5. When we are with our friends we should—
   (a) give him less time to speak
   (b) give him more time to speak
   (c) give him all time to speak
   (d) give him half time to speak

6. What do people do about our remarks?
   (a) use them at appropriate time
   (b) never pay attention to them
   (c) always criticise before others
   (d) overhear and modify them

7. During our conversation we stop for sometime to—
   (a) see whether the other is listening
   (b) give him time to speak
   (c) see the reaction of our remarks
   (d) give our mind a rest

8. When our friend does not talk it means—
   (a) he does not listen us
   (b) he wants to remain silent
   (c) he does not want us to talk either
   (d) he concentrates on other topics

9. Write the similar word of 'very tired' from the below given options—
   (a) exhausted
   (b) angry
   (c) overhears
   (d) remarks

10. Write the opposite word of 'incredibly' from the below given options—
    (a) angry
    (b) found
    (c) probably
    (d) accordingly

Passage : 3

It is perfectly natural for us to use dictionary when we come across an unfamiliar word. If someone advises us not to use it, the advice will, of course, look exaggerated. But there is some

truth in it. As in so many other cases, here also, there are arguments in favour and against.

Some students use the dictionary too much which may not be necessary at all. Dictionary must be used but not too much. We should rather develop the skill and habit of inferring the meanings of words from the context. Too much attention to vocabulary can rather have a harmful effect on our reading habit. If we stop again and again to look up new words in a dictionary, it may actually make us less effective readers. It may not only slow down our reading speed, it may also interrupt our thought processes which should be engaged in following the development of thought in the text.

When reading an article in a newspaper or magazine we are likely to meet a number of words and expressions which we do not know. In such a case we needn't have a feeling of despair or immediately rush to consult a dictionary. First we must remember that it is not always necessary to understand every single word to understand an article or any piece of writing. Secondly, that it is often possible to work out the meaning of a word by inference from context.

Questions :

1. Our thought process interrupts when we—
   (a) refer to dictionary again and again
   (b) don't use dictionary
   (c) don't understand the meaning of the text
   (d) use mobile a lot

2. We use dictionary when we—
   (a) study English
   (b) fail to get the meaning of the text
   (c) come across an unfamiliar word
   (d) none

3. We are advised not to use dictionary but to—
   (a) ask meanings to our teachers
   (b) refer to a standard dictionary
   (c) infer meaning from the context
   (d) read simple texts only

(c) have ambiguous topics
(d) read by people without understanding

5. Our reading slowed down due to—
   (a) reading loudly $\quad$ (b) reading silently
   (c) referring to unknown words in a dictionary again and again
   (d) not reading regularly

6. Referring to unknown words in a dictionary again and again also causes—
   (a) interruption in our thought process
   (b) confusion about words
   (c) loss in writing notes
   (d) All the above

7. There are arguments in favour and against about—
   (a) reading speed improvement
   (b) use of dictionary
   (c) use of unknown words and expressions
   (d) speaking publicly

8. Do we need to remember and understand every word of a text?
   (a) no, it is not necessary
   (b) yes, it is necessary
   (c) it is a waste of time
   (d) it diminishes our reading speed

9. Write the similar word of 'overstate' from the below given options—
   (a) perfectly $\quad$ (b) favour
   (c) exaggerate $\quad$ (d) necessary

10. Write the opposite word of 'optimism' from the below given options—
    (a) despair $\quad$ (b) consult
    (c) remember $\quad$ (d) inference

Passage : 4

One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America by the people of France. The great statue which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been specially constructed by Eiffel. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of the New York Harbour. By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall, had been erected in Paris. The

following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. By the end of October, 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi. Ever since then, the great monument had been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.

Questions :

1. The Statue of Liberty was presented to United States of America by—
   (a) The people of France
   (b) The people of Germany
   (c) The people of England
   (d) The people of India

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9. Write the similar word of 'base' from the below given options—
(a) actual
(b) pedestal
(c) entrance
(d) symbol

10. Write the opposite word of 'captivity' from the below given options—
    (a) sculptor
    (b) liberty
    (c) monument
    (d) statue

Passage : 5

Inanimate objects are classified scientifically into three major categories—those that break down, those that get lost, and those that don't work. The goal of all inanimate objects is to resist man and ultimately to defeat him, and the three major classifications are based on the method each object uses to achieve its purpose. As a general rule, any object capable of breaking down at the moment when it is most needed will do so. The automobile is typical of the category. With the cunning peculiar to its breed, the automobile never breaks down while entering a filling station which has a large staff of idle mechanics. It waits until it reaches a downtown intersection in the middle of the rush hour, or until it is fully loaded with family and luggage on the Ohio Turnpike. Thus it creates maximum inconvenience, frustration, and irritability, thereby reducing its owner's life span. Washing machines; garbage disposals, lawn mowers, furnaces, TV sets, taperecorders, slide projectors—all are in league with the automobile to take their turn at breaking down whenever life threatens to flow smoothly for their enemies.

Questions :

1. The goal of all inanimate objects is—
   (a) resist and defeat man
   (b) scientifically divided into four categories
   (c) to achieve the purpose
   (d) to help human beings

2. Inanimate objects are classified into—
   (a) three major categories
   (b) four major categories
   (c) ultimately useful
   (d) five major categories

3. The typical of the categories as mentioned in passage is—
   (a) computer
   (b) electronic
   (c) mechanical
   (d) automobile

4. Washing machines, garbage disposals, lawn mowers, furnaces, T.V. sets etc. are—
   (a) in league with automobile
   (b) different from automobile
   (c) not related to others
   (d) none of the above

5. When does the automobile never break—
   (a) at railway station
   (b) while entering a filling station
   (c) while entering a factory
   (d) at facility centres

6. Which has a large staff of idle mechanics—
   (a) Police Station
   (b) Railway Station
   (c) Filling Station
   (d) Gas Station

7. The intersection is—
   (a) at the end
   (b) at a downtown
   (c) Ohio Turnpike
   (d) no where

8. What is peculiar to its breed?
   (a) automobile
   (b) furnaces
   (c) garbage disposal
   (d) lawn mowers

9. Write the similar word of 'special' from the below given options—
   (a) ultimately
   (b) peculiar
   (c) major
   (d) moment

10. Write the opposite word of 'cognizant' from the below given options—
    (a) resist
    (b) capable
    (c) inanimate
    (d) achieve

Unseen Passages : Type-II

Passage : 6

There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons and events, and the resulting effects upon their minds.

In whatever situation men can be placed, they may find conveniences and inconveniences. In whatever company, they may find persons and conversations more or less pleasing. At whatever table, they may find meal and drink of better and worse taste, dishes better or worse prepared. In whatever climate, they may find

good and bad weather. Under whatever government, they may find good and bad laws, and good and bad administration of these laws. In every poem or work of genius, they may see beauties and faults. In almost every face and every person, they may discover fine features and defects, good and bad qualities.

Questions :

1. What does the author say about the types of people?
2. Why does difference arise in them?
3. What happens when men are placed in a situation?
4. What do men experience when join a company?
5. What is seen when men go to a table?
6. What is realised when men live in a climate?
7. What happens when men live under a government and administration?
8. What do men see in a literary composition?
9. Write opposite words for the following from the passage :
   (a) sad
   (b) cheerful
10. Find the words from the passage having the following meaning :
    (a) ease
    (b) very unhappy.

When Mr. Jones went to restaurant one day, he left his coat near the door. There was nothing in the pockets of the coat when he left it, so he was very surprised when he took his coat after his meal and found the pocket full of jewellery! There was a waiter near the door, so Mr. Jones said to him "Somebody has made a mistake. He has put some jewellery in my coat. Take it and when he comes back, give it to him." The waiter took it and went away. Suddenly, another man came in with a coat just like Mr. Jones's, "I am sorry", said this man. "I made a mistake. I took your coat and you have got mine. Please give me my coat and jewellery". Mr. Jones answered, "I gave the jewellery to the waiter. He will give it to you."

Mr. Jones called the manager of the restaurant, but the manager said, "We have no waiters here. We have only waitresses." "You gave the jewellery to a thief!" shouted the other man. "I shall send for the police!" Mr. Jones was frightened and paid the man a lot of money for the jewellery.

Questions :

1. The waiter took it and went away. What does 'it' here refer to?
2. What did Jones think about the jewellery in the pocket?
3. Why did Jones go to the restaurant?
4. What did the other man want Jones to do?
5. What did Jones do to save himself?
6. 'When he left it.....................'
   What does the word 'it' here refer to?
7. Where did Mr. Jones go one day?
8. What did Mr. Jones say to the waiter?
9. What did the manager reply?
10. Find the words from the passage which mean—
    (a) jewels or similar ornaments to be worn.
    (b) a man employed to serve customers in a restaurant etc.

Surya Singh, prince of Manipur, once came to the city of Delhi on business but because it was secret, he did not bring any servant with him. This explains why a man like the prince was travelling alone. On the way he saw a man who was weak and tired. The man was sitting beside the road.
"Which way are you going?"
"Good sir," was the reply, "I am going to Delhi and must be there before night, but I shall never reach the city because I am tired." Surya Singh got off the horse, and told the man to get on it instead of him.
The man seemed to be waiting for this offer and he gladly got on the horse. Surya Singh walked beside. At the city he asked the man to get down. The man looked surprised, "Why should I get off my horse?" he said.

Questions :

1. Who was the prince of Manipur?
2. Why did Surya Singh come to Delhi?
3. Why was Surya Singh travelling alone?
4. Where did Surya Singh meet the man?
5. How did the man look?

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6. Where was the man sitting?
7. Who, between Surya Singh and the man, is a good human being?
8. What did the man say to Surya Singh at the city?
9. Find opposite words of following from the passage—
   (a) sadly (b) always
10. Find words from the passage which mean—
    (a) a sovereign's son (b) happily

Passage : 9

In many countries only one language—mostly the mother-tongue—is enough to satisfy the need for expression of their inhabitants. In India, however, the position is more complicated. Here an educated man is called upon to master more than one language. There is, first of all, the language that he learns on his mother's lap, and through which he expresses his first needs and feelings. Naturally, it is in this that he gains the most proficiency. But, since India is a very large country, we really need an extra language as a means of communicating with states other than our own. It is for this reason that many people want a lingua franca for India—but even this is not enough. On top of this, an educated Indian requires the mastery of an international language, one that is widely understood and is used in the dealings of one country with another. Ideally speaking then, the educated Indian should be able to read and write in three languages and, moreover, should be able to express himself in all the three with ease and fluency. As our contact with the English language has been long and it is the most widely used language in the world, it is in our own interest to be proficient in this language.

Questions :

1. For what is mother-tongue enough?

2. Why is the position in India complicated?

3. Through what language does the man express his first needs and feelings?

4. What does an educated Indian require?

5. How many languages does an educated Indian master?

6. Which is the international language?

7. Which language is mother-tongue?

8. Why do many people want a lingua franca for India?

9. How is it in our own interest to be proficient in English?

10. Find words from the passage which mean—
    (a) a system of words and their use
    (b) competency.

Passage : 10

"My dear boy", said my (author) companion, with a smile, "Do you know that you are talking in the way in which most of the people of the world generally talk? Of course, I desire that people should be better and happier, myself among the number. But how am I to set about it? Most people's idea of being better and happier is to grow richer and make other people serve them. They want more things to eat and drink and wear; they want success and honour and power and position. Nothing is more unwise and laughable than ordinary people's aims and ambitions. I don't want people to be only richer and more prosperous. Wealth and the pleasures of the world and the good things of life do not make one truly happy in the long run, these lead to moral evils. I want them to be simpler and more honest and more loving and sacrificing. Then alone will they be happy and make others happy."

Questions :

1. What did the companion say with a smile?
2. What does the other companion desire?
3. What is most people's idea?
4. What do most of the people of the world want?
5. What is more unwise and laughable?
6. What does the author not want?
7. What do wealth and pleasure not do?
8. What happens in the long run?
9. How can true happiness be found?
10. Find words from the passage which mean—
    (a) a feeling of enjoyment
    (b) concerned with right or wrong conduct.

ANSWERS

Answers to Passage : 1

1. (b) take away the freedom of others

2. (a) to earn his living | 3.

   (d) automobile
3. (c) make people self-reliant | 4.

   (a) in league with automobile
4. (d) not harm other countries | 5.

   (b) while entering a filling station
5. (a) students to read books | 6.

   (c) filling station
6. (b) three things together | 7.

   (b) at a downtown
7. (b) gains knowledge | 8.

   (a) automobile
8. (a) merely to give knowledge | 9.

   (b) peculiar
9. (c) patriots | 10.

   (c) inanimate

10. (a) freedom | Answers to Passage : 6

Answers to Passage : 2 | 1. The author says that there are two types of people in the world.

1. (b) difficult to listen for long to any person | 2. Difference arises from the different ways in which they consider things.
2. (a) other is angry and exhausted | 3. When men are placed in a situation, they find conveniences and inconveniences.
3. (b) to speak frankly | 4. When men join a company, they find persons and conversations more or less pleasing.
4. (a) a fare share of the conversation | 5. When men go to a table, they find meal and drink of better and worse taste.
5. (d) Give him half time to speak | 6. When men live in a climate, they find good or bad weather.
6. (d) overhears and modify them | 7. When men live under a govt. and administration, they find good and bad laws and administration.
7. (b) give him time to speak | 8. Men see beauties and faults in a literary composition.
8. (c) he does not want us to talk either | 9. (a) happy (b) miserable
9. (a) exhausted | 10. (a) convenience (b) miserable.
10. (c) probably | Answers to Passage : 7

Answers to Passage : 3 | 1. 'it' here refers to the jewellery which Mr. Jones gave to the waiter.

1. (a) refer to dictionary again and again | 2. Somebody had put some jewellery in his pocket by mistake.
2. (c) come across an unfamiliar word | 3. Jones went to the restaurant to take his meal.
3. (c) infer meaning from the context | 4. The other man wanted to return his coat and jewellery.
4. (b) have unknown words and expressions | 5. Jones had to pay a lot of money for the jewellery.
5. (c) referring to unknown words in a dictionary again and again | 6. Here 'it' refers to Mr. Jones's coat.
6. (a) interruption in our thought process | 7. Mr. Jones went to restaurant one day.
7. (b) use of dictionary | 8. Mr. Jones said to the waiter that somebody by mistake put some jewellery in his coat and asked the waiter to help and give it to the owner.
8. (a) No, it is not necessary | 9. The manager replied that they had only waitresses.
9. (c) exaggerate |
10. (a) despair |

Answers to Passage : 4 |

1. (a) The people of France |
2. (b) copper |
3. (a) 151 feet |
4. (b) pieces |
5. (a) end of October 1886 |
6. (b) an island at the entrance of New York harbour |
7. (a) Auguste Bartholdi |
8. (c) Paris |
9. (b) pedestal |
10. (b) liberty |

Answers to Passage : 5 |

1. (a) resist and defeat man |
2. (a) three major categories |