11 Modals
अंग्रेजी में Grammar के अनुसार can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, needn’t If Modals Modal Auxiliaries या Modal Verbs कहलाते हैं। ये Mood/Mode (मनःस्थिति/व्यवहार) को प्रकट करते हैं। Modal का प्रयोग Bare Infinitive से पूर्व एक notion (विचार/ धारणा) को व्यक्त करने के लिए किया जाता है।
Modals के विभिन्न usages (प्रयोग) निम्न प्रकार हैं: [नोट-आपकी पाठ्यपुस्तक में पूछे गये प्रमुख modals को ही यहाँ समझाया जा रहा है।]
Usages of Modals (प्रयोग)
1. Can
1. Present (वर्तमान) Ability (योग्यता/
Capacity (क्षमता)/Power (ताकत) आदि बताने के लिए
(i) I can read Sanskrit.
(ii) She can lift this box.
2. Informal Permission (अनौपचारिक आज्ञा) के लिए
Can I use your pen?
2. Could
1. Past (भूतकाल) Ability/Capacity/Power
के लिए My mother could read without glasses upto last year.
2. Polite Request (विनम्र निवेदन) के लिए
Could I come in, please ?
3. May
1. Possibility/Probability (संभावना) के लिए
The train is slow so it may get late.
2. Formal Permission (औपचारिक आज्ञा) के लिए
May I come in, Sir ?
3. Blessings (आशीवादि)/Wishes
(शुभकामनाओं) के लिए —
May you live long !
4. Should
1. Advice/Suggestion (सलाह/सुझाव) के लिए
You should work hard.
You should work hard.
5. Must
1. Necessity (अनिवार्यता) के लिए
You must have a licence for driving.
6. Mustn’t/Musn’t
1. Prohibition (निषेध) के लिए
You musn’t park your vehicle here.
7. Would
1. Offer/Request (प्रस्ताव/प्रार्थना) के लिए
Would you like to take coffee?
8. Will/Shall
I तथा We के साथ will तथा
He, She, It, They तथा Names के साथ shall लगाने पर determination (दृढ़ निश्चय), promise (वचन) आदि का भाव बताने के लिए
(i) I will help you. (अवश्य सहायता करूंगा, दृढ़-निश्चय)
(ii) My uncle shall give me a watch on my birthday. (वचन/वादा)
Exercise -1.
Select the appropriate modal:
(उचित modal का चयन कीजिए) —
Question 1.
…………….you like to be my master, wolf?
(A) do
(B) would
(C) whose
(D) must
Answer:
(B) would
Question 2.
He began to chop ever faster thinking of the extra money he…………….earn to buy sake.
(A) may
(B) must
(C) shall
(D) will
Answer:
(B) must
Question 3.
……………it be possibly be rushing water?
(A) Could
(B) Must
(C) May
(D) Shall
Answer:
(A) Could
Question 4.
Only you.. …….. tell me about things.
(A) can’t A
(B) shall’nt
(C) must
(D) cannot
Answer:
(C) must
Question 5.
I suppose I…………….go to the Konark temple in Orissa or the old city in Beijing.
(A) must
(B) should
(C) can.
(D) may
Answer:
(B) should
Question 6.
I also know that you…………….not kill your conscience for the sake of friendship.
(A) will
(B) would
(C) might
(D) may
Answer:
(A) will
Question 7.
Jumman…………….pay his aunt a monthly allowance, or else the property goes back to her.
(A) can
(B) must
(C) will
(D) could
Answer:
(B) must
Question 8.
A thirsty camel……………. drink as much as thirty gallons of water.
(A) must
(B) can
(C) would
(D) may
Answer:
(B) can
Question 9.
When I did not feel like reading, I…………….look down through the leaves at the world below.
(A) can
(B) could
(C) did
(D) was
Answer:
(B) could