4 Relative Pronouns
Examples :
1. The boy (Sub) is my brother. He (who) is in red shirt.
Answer: The boy, who is in red shirt, is my brother.
2. I played with the boys (Obj). They (who) were in the garden.
Answer: I played with the boys, who were in the garden.
3. Sudha (sub) is a teacher. Her (whose) son is a doctor.
Answer: Sudha, whose son is a doctor, is a teacher.
4. This is Sudha (Obj). Her (whose) son is a doctor.
Answer: This is Sudha, whose son is a doctor.
5. The student (Sub) is intelligent. I praised him (whom)
Answer: The student, whom I praised, is intelligent.
6. I know Mohan (Obj). You like him (whom) very much.
Answer: I know Mohan, whom you like very much.
7. The stick (Sub) has broken. It (which) was thin.
Answer: The stick, which was thin, has broken.
8. She gave me a book (Obj). It (which) is interesting.
Answer: She gave me a book, which is interesting.
Explanation : (व्याख्या)
• Who, whose, whom तथा which, relative pronouns
हैं क्योंकि ये, इनसे ठीक पहले आने वाले noun (संज्ञा) से सम्बन्ध दर्शाते हैं, जैसा कि उपर्युक्त सभी उदाहरणों में हुआ है।
• Who, whose व whom, व्यक्तियों के साथ प्रयोग होते हैं तथा which, वस्तुओं के साथ ्रयोग होता है। जैसा कि उपर्युक्त 1 से 6 उदाहरणों तथा 7 से 8 उदाहरणों में है। ये सभी relative pronouns, कतो (subject) या कर्म (object) से अपना सम्बन्ध दर्शाते हैं तथा इनके बाद ही इनका relative clause (सम्बन्धवाचक उपवाक्य) प्रयोग होता है, जैसा कि उपर्युक्त सभी उदाहरणों में है। Relative pronoun के प्रयोग से दो वाक्यों को एक वाक्य में बदल दिया जाता है, जैसा कि उपर्युक्त सभी उदाहरणों में है। Relative pronoun वाले clause से पहले व इसके अन्त में कोमा (,) लगाया जाता है जब यह subject (कर्ता) से अपना सम्बन्ध व्यक्त करता है, जैसा कि उपर्युक्त उदाहरण संख्या 1,3,5 व 7 में है।
Relative pronoun वाले clause से पहले कोमा ( ) लगाया जाता है जब यह object (कर्म) से अपना सम्बन्ध व्यक्त करता है, जैसा कि उपर्युक्त उदाहरण संख्या 2, 4,6 व 8 में है। Who का प्रयोग सामान्यत: I, We, You, He, She, They के स्थान पर होता है। Whose का प्रयोग सामान्यतः my, our, your, his, her, their के स्थान पर होता है। Whom का प्रयोग सामान्यतः me, us, you, him, her, them के स्थान पर होता है। Which का प्रयोग सामान्यतः It या कोई वस्तु के स्थान पर होता है।
Exercise – 1
Use the words given in brackets to combine these sentences
1. A dog was born. It was ill pleased with this way of life. (which)
2. There was a big wolf. It was very strong. (which)
3. It is the lion. It rules the forest. (which)
4. This is the place. The lion lives here. (where)
5. Taro and his parents were sitting in a corner of a hut. A strong wind began to blow then. (when)
6. He was kneeling at a place. The water flowed there quietly.. (where)
7. Kalpana Chawla was a girl from a small town. She touched the skies. (who)
8. I arrived there. There was no one in the sight at that time. (when)
9. People don’t believe me at the time. I tell them the truth. (when)
10. He was my little brother. He started the fight. (who)
11. I am going to be the Prime Minister of India. At the time I grow up. (when)
12. Jumman had an old aunt. She had some property. (who)
13. This is the place. The bullock died here. (where)
Answers to Exercise :
1. A dog was born which was ill pleased with this way of life.
2. There was a big wolf which was very strong.
3. It is the lion which rules the forest.
4. This is the place where the lion lives.
5. Taro and his parents were sitting in a corner of a hut when a strong wind began to blow.
6. He was kneeling where the water flowed quietly.
7. Kalpana Chawla was a girl from a small town who touched the skies.
8. I arrived there when there was no one in the light.
9. People don’t believe me when I tell the truth.
10. He was my little brother who started the fight.
11. I am going to be the Prime Minister of India when I grow up.
12. Jumman had an old aunt who had some property.
13. This is the place where the bullock died.