Chapter 9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities Exercise 9.5

Chapter 9 Algebraic Expressions and Identities Exercise 9.5

Question 1.
Use a suitable identity to get each of the following products:

Solution:

Question 2.
Use the identity (x + a)(x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab to find the following products.
(i) (x + 3) (x + 7)
(ii) (4x + 5)(4x + 1)
(iii) (4x – 5) (4x – 1)
(iv) (4x + 5) (4x – 1)
(v) (2x + 5y) (2x + 3y)
(vi) (2a² + 9) (2a² + 5)
(vii) (xyz – 4) (xyz – 2)
Solution:

Question 3.
Find the following squares by using the identities.

Solution:

Question 4.
Simplify:
(i) (a² – b²)²
(ii) (2x + 5)² – (2x – 5)²
(iii) (7m – 8n)² + (7m + 8n)²
(iv) (4m + 5n)² + (5m + 4n)²
(v) (2.5p – 1.5q)² – (1.5p – 2.5q)²
(vi) (ab + bc)² – 2ab²c
(vii) (m² – n²m)² + 2m³n²
Solution:

Question 5.

Solution:

Question 6.
Using identities, evaluate:
(i) 71²
(ii) 99²
(iii) 102²
(iv) 998²
(v) 5.2²
(vi) 297 × 303
(vii) 78 × 82
(viii) 8.9²
(ix) 1.05 × 9.5
Solution:

Question 7.
Using a² – b² = (a + b) (a – b), find
(i) 51² – 49²
(ii) (1.02)² – (0.98)²
(iii) 153² – 147²
(iv) 12.1² – 7.9²
Solution:
(i) 51² – 49² = (51 + 49) (51 – 49) = 100 × 2 = 200
(ii) (1.02)² – (0.98)² = (1.02 + 0.98) (1.02 – 0.98) = 2.00 × 0.04 = 0.08
(iii) 153² – 147² = (153 + 147) (153 – 147) = 300 × 6 = 1800
(iv) 12.1² – 7.9² = (12.1 + 7.9) (12.1 – 7.9) = 20.0 × 4.2 = 84

Question 8.
Using (x + a) (x + b) = x² + (a + b)x + ab, find
(i) 103 × 104
(ii) 5.1 × 5.2
(iii) 103 × 98
(iv) 9.7 × 9.8
Solution:
(i) 103 × 104 = (100 + 3)(100 + 4) = (100)² + (3 + 4) (100) + 3 × 4 = 10000 + 700 + 12 = 10712
(ii) 5.1 × 5.2 = (5 + 0.1) (5 + 0.2) = (5)² + (0.1 + 0.2) (5) + 0.1 × 0.2 = 25 + 1.5 + 0.02 = 26.5 + 0.02 = 26.52
(iii) 103 × 98 = (100 + 3) (100 – 2) = (100)² + (3 – 2) (100) + 3 × (-2) = 10000 + 100 – 6 = 10100 – 6 = 10094
(iv) 9.7 × 9.8 = (10 – 0.3) (10 – 0.2) = (10)² – (0.3 + 0.2) (10) + (-0.3) (-0.2) = 100 – 5 + 0.06 = 95 + 0.06 = 95.06