Chapter 11 शंकु परिच्छेद Ex 11.1

निम्नलिखित प्रश्न 1 से 5 तक प्रत्येक में वृत्त का समीकरण ज्ञात कीजिए :
प्रश्न 1.
केंद्र (0, 2) और त्रिज्या 2 इकाई।
हल:
यहाँ h = 0, k = 2 तथा r = 2 रखने पर,
वृत्त का समीकरण, (x – 0)2 + (y – 2)2 = 22
या x2 + y2 – 4y + 4 =4
अतः वृत्त का अभीष्ट समीकरण, x2 + y2 – 4y = 0.

प्रश्न 2.
केंद्र (- 2, 3) और त्रिज्या 4 इकाई।
हल:
∴ वृत्त का समीकरण (x + 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 42
या (x2 + 4x + 4) + (y2 – 6y + 9) = 16
या x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y – 3 = 0.

प्रश्न 3.


वृत्त का समीकरण,

प्रश्न 4.
केंद्र (1, 1) और त्रिज्या -2 इकाई।
हल:
यहाँ h = 1, k = 1 तथा r = √2 हों, तब
वृत्त का समीकरण,
(x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = (√2)2
या (x2 – 2x + 1) + (y2 – 2y + 1) = 2
या x2 + y2 – 2x – 2y= 0.

प्रश्न 5.

हल:
वृत्त का समीकरण,

या x2 + 2ax + a2 + y2 + 2by + b2 = a2 – b2.
या x2 +y2 + 2ax + 2by + 2b2 = 0.

निम्नलिखित प्रश्न 6 से 9 तक में प्रत्येक वृत्त का केन्द्र और त्रिज्या ज्ञात कीजिए :
प्रश्न 6.
(x + 5)2 + (y – 3)2 = 36.
हल:
वृत्त (x + 5)2 + (y – 3)2 = 36 की (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 से तुलना करने पर,
– h = 5, – k = – 3, r2 = 36
∴ h = – 5, k = 3, r= 6
∴ केन्द्र (- 5, 3), त्रिज्या = 6.

प्रश्न 7.
x2 +y2 – 4x – 8y – 45 = 0.
हल:

प्रश्न 8.
x2 + y2 – 8x + 10y – 12 = 0.
हल:
(x2 – 8x) + (y2 + 10y) = 12
या (x2 – 8x + 16) + (y2 + 10y + 25) = 12 + 16 + 25
(x – 4)2 + (y + 5)2 = 53.
∴ केन्द्र (4, – 5), त्रिज्या= √53.

प्रश्न 9. 2x2 + 2y2 – x= 0.
हल:

प्रश्न 10.
बिन्दुओं (4, 1) और (6, 5) से जाने वाले वृत्त का समीकरण ज्ञात कीजिए जिसका केन्द्र रेखा 4x + y = 16 पर स्थित है।
हल:
वृत्त का व्यापक समीकरण
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
बिन्दु (4, 1) इस पर स्थित है
∴ 16 + 1 + 8g + 2f + c = 0
∴ 8g + 2f + c = – 17 …..(1)
बिन्दु (6, 5) वृत्त पर स्थित है
∴ 36 + 25 + 12g + 10f + c = 0
∴ 12g + 10f + c = – 61 …..(2)
केंद्र (- g, – 1) रेखा 4x + y = 16 पर स्थित है
∴ – 4g – f = 16
या 4g + f = – 16 …..(3)
समीकरण (1) को (2) में से घटाने पर
4g + 8f = – 44
समीकरण (3) को (4) में से घटाने पर
7f = – 44 + 16 = – 28
f = – 4
समीकरण (3) में f का मान रखने पर
4g – 4 = – 16 या 4g = – 12
∴ g = – 3
f और g का मान समी (1) में रखने पर
– 24 – 8 + c = – 17
c = 32 – 17 = 15
अतः वृत्त का समीकरण
x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 15 = 0.

प्रश्न 11.
बिन्दुओं (2, 3) और (- 1, 1) से जाने वाले वृत्त का समीकरण ज्ञात कीजिए जिसका केंद्र रेखा x – 3y – 11 = 0 पर स्थित है।
हल:
मान लीजिए वृत्त का समीकरण
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 ….(1)
इस पर बिन्दु (2, 3) स्थित है।
∴ 4 + 9 + 4g + 6f + c = 0
या 4g + 6f + c = – 13 ……(2)
इसी प्रकार (- 1, 1) भी वृत्त (1) पर स्थित है।
जब p = – 2, वृत्त का समीकरण
(x + 2)2 + y2 = 25
या x2 + y2 + 4x – 21 = 0
जब p = 6, वृत्त का समीकरण
(x – 6)2 + y2 = 25
x2 + y2 – 12x + 36 – 25 = 0
या x2 + y2 – 12x + 11 = 0
∴ वृत्त के अभीष्ट समीकरण
x2 + y2 + 4x – 21 = 0 और x2 + p2 – 12x + 11 = 0π

प्रश्न 13.
(0, 0) से होकर जाने वाले वृत्त का समीकरण ज्ञात कीजिए जो निर्देशांक्षों पर a और b अंत: खण्ड बनाता है।
हल:
वृत्त मूल बिन्दु से होकर जाता है और अक्षों पर अंत:खण्ड a, b बनाता है।
OA = a, ∴ A के निर्देशांक (a, 0)
OB = b, ∴ B के निर्देशांक (0, b)

या x2 + y2 – ax – by = a2+b24−a2+b24
∴ वृत्त का अभीष्ट समीकरण
x2 + y2 – ax – by = 0.

प्रश्न 14.
उस वृत्त का समीकरण ज्ञात कीजिए जिसका केंद्र (2, 2) हो तथा (4, 5) से जाता है।
हल:
वृत्त की त्रिज्या = केंद्र (2, 2) और बिन्दु (4, 5) के बीच की दूरी
MP Board Class 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 11 शंकु परिच्छेद Ex 11.1 img-4

प्रश्न 15.
क्या बिन्दु (- 2.5, 3.5) वृत्त x2 + y2 = 25 के अंदर, बाहर या वृत्त पर स्थित है।
हल:
वृत्त का केंद्र O(0, 0) है।
दिया हुआ बिन्दु P(- 2.5, 3.5) है।

= 4.25 (लगभग)
यह त्रिज्या जो 5 इकाई से कम है
अतः बिन्दु (- 2.5, 3.5) वृत्त के अंदर स्थित होगा।

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